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Estimasi Kekuatan Gempa Megathrust Indonesia, Terbesar di Aceh | Databoks
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Estimasi Kekuatan Gempa Megathrust Indonesia, Terbesar di Aceh

Segmentasi Megathrust di Indonesia dan Estimasi Kekuatan Gempa Maksimum (2017)

Sumber : Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional, 2017

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

14/8/2024, 13.25 WIB

Berdasarkan Peta Sumber dan Bahaya Gempa Indonesia Tahun 2017, sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia berada di zona megathrust.

Megathrust adalah zona tumbukan antara lempeng bumi yang bisa memicu gempa besar.

Zona megathrust Indonesia terbentang dari bagian utara Pulau Sumatra, lalu memanjang ke bagian selatan Pulau Jawa, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, sampai ke Laut Banda. Ada pula zona serupa di bagian utara Sulawesi dan Maluku.

Zona yang sangat luas ini terbagi menjadi 16 segmen. Potensi gempa terkuat berada di segmen megathrust Aceh-Andaman, dengan estimasi kekuatan gempa maksimum 9,2 magnitudo.

Potensi bencana tersebut pernah terealisasi pada 2004, ketika Aceh diguncang gempa berskala sekitar 9,1 magnitudo.

Mengutip laporan Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) Universitas Syiah Kuala, gempa itu memicu gelombang tsunami besar yang dampaknya meluas ke berbagai negara, di antaranya Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, dan Sri Lanka, hingga menimbulkan total korban jiwa sekitar 226 ribu orang.

Potensi gempa serupa juga berada di segmen-segmen lain di luar Aceh, dengan rincian seperti terlihat pada grafik.

Namun, menurut keterangan dari situs Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG), waktu kejadian bencana di semua segmen itu belum bisa diperkirakan.

"Meski para ahli mampu menghitung perkiraan magnitudo maksimum gempa di zona megathrust, teknologi saat ini belum mampu memprediksi dengan tepat, apalagi memastikan kapan terjadinya gempa megathrust tersebut," kata mereka.

"Dalam ketidakpastian tersebut, yang perlu dilakukan adalah upaya mitigasi yang tepat, menyiapkan langkah-langkah konkret yang perlu segera dilakukan untuk meminimalkan risiko kerugian sosial ekonomi dan korban jiwa seandainya gempa benar-benar terjadi, khususnya dengan cara menyiapkan masyarakat maupun inftrastrukturnya," lanjutnya.

(Baca: Daftar Gempa Terbesar di Indonesia 400 Tahun Terakhir)

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