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Daftar Gempa Terbesar di Indonesia 400 Tahun Terakhir | Databoks
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Daftar Gempa Terbesar di Indonesia 400 Tahun Terakhir

Daftar Gempa Terbesar di Indonesia (1612-2022)*

Sumber : Pusat Vulkanologi & Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG), 14 Agustus 2024

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

14/8/2024, 11.47 WIB

Menurut data Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG), dalam sekitar 400 tahun terakhir Indonesia pernah diguncang 14 gempa besar dengan kekuatan di atas 7,6 Skala Richter (SR).

Gempa paling kuat terjadi di Aceh pada 2004 yang kemudian memicu tsunami, merusak infrastruktur secara masif, dan menimbulkan lebih dari 200 ribu korban jiwa.

Berikut rincian daftar gempa terbesar di Indonesia (>7,6 SR) selama periode 1612-2022 berdasarkan data PVMBG:

  1. Banda Aceh, Provinsi Aceh (2004): 9,1 SR
  2. Nias, Provinsi Sumatera Utara (2005): 8,7 SR
  3. Pulau Simeulue, Provinsi Aceh (2012): 8,5 SR
  4. Banda, Provinsi Maluku (1938): 8,5 SR
  5. Muko-Muko, Provinsi Bengkulu (2007): 8,4 SR
  6. Mangole-Taliabu, Provinsi Maluku Utara (1998): 8,3 SR
  7. Biak, Provinsi Papua (1996): 8,2 SR
  8. Pulau Batu, Provinsi Sumatera Utara (1935): 8,1 SR
  9. Padang Pariaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat (2009): 7,9 SR
  10. Pesisir Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Barat (2007): 7,9 SR
  11. Yapen-Serui, Provinsi Papua (1979): 7,9 SR
  12. Padang Panjang, Provinsi Sumatera Barat (1926): 7,8 SR
  13. Pangandaran, Provinsi Jawa Barat (2006): 7,7 SR
  14. Gorontalo Utara, Provinsi Gorontalo (2008): 7,7 SR

Potensi Gempa Megathrust

Melihat data di atas, selama periode 1612-2022 gempa besar Indonesia paling banyak terjadi di wilayah Sumatera.

Namun, bukan berarti wilayah lain tak punya risiko serupa. Menurut Daryono, Kepala Pusat Gempa Bumi dan Tsunami dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG), ada banyak wilayah Indonesia yang memiliki potensi gempa megathrust.

Megathrust adalah zona pertemuan antar-lempeng tektonik bumi yang bisa memicu gempa besar dan tsunami.  Daryono menyatakan gempa tersebut berpotensi terjadi di kawasan Selat Sunda dan Mentawai-Siberut.

"Rilis gempa di kedua segmen megathrust ini boleh dikata tinggal menunggu waktu, karena kedua wilayah tersebut sudah ratusan tahun belum terjadi gempa besar," kata Daryono, disiarkan Katadata.co.id, Senin (14/8/2024).

Untuk menghadapi potensi bencana tersebut, BMKG menyiapkan sistem monitoring dan diseminasi informasi gempa, serta peringatan dini tsunami yang cepat dan akurat.

BMKG juga memberikan pelatihan mitigasi dan evakuasi berbasis pemodelan tsunami untuk pemerintah daerah, stakeholder, masyarakat, pelaku usaha pariwisata pantai, industri pantai, dan infrastruktur kritis (pelabuhan dan bandara pantai).

Berbagai upaya ini dikemas dalam program seperti Sekolah Lapang Gempabumi dan Tsunami (SLG), BMKG Goes To School (BGTS) dan Pembentukan Masyarakat Siaga Tsunami.

"Semoga upaya kita dalam memitigasi bencana gempabumi dan tsunami dapat berhasil dengan dapat menekan sekecil mungkin risiko dampak bencana yang mungkin terjadi, bahkan hingga dapat menciptakan zero victim," kata Daryono.

(Baca: 10 Gempa Bumi Paling Mematikan Sepanjang Sejarah, Tsunami Aceh Masuk Daftar)

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