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Deretan Bank yang Mendanai Perusahaan Berbasis Fosil Terbesar sejak 2016 | Databoks
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Deretan Bank yang Mendanai Perusahaan Berbasis Fosil Terbesar sejak 2016

Akumulasi Pendanaan Bank terhadap Perusahaan Bahan Bakar Fosil Terbesar (2016-2023)

Sumber : Banking of Climate Chaos (BOCC), 2024

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

23/7/2024, 18.10 WIB

Laporan Fossil Fuel Finance Report 2024 dari Banking on Climate Chaos (BOCC) mengungkapkan, terdapat praktik greenwashing, strategi pemasaran atau komunikasi untuk membuat sesuatu tampak berkelanjutanmelalui pinjaman dan penjaminan 60 bank besar di dunia kepada lebih dari 4.200 perusahaan bahan bakar fosil. Pembiayaan juga menyasar perusahaan-perusahaan yang menyebabkan degradasi di kawasan Amazon dan Arktik.

Dalam laporan tahunan ke-15 yang diterima Databoks, BOCC menerangkan bahwa sejak Perjanjian Paris 2016, 60 bank swasta terbesar di dunia mendanai bahan bakar fosil sebesar US$6,9 triliun. Hampir setengahnya atau US$3,3 triliun dikucurkan untuk ekspansi bahan bakar fosil.

Sementara pada data terakhir 2023, bank-bank mendanai pembiayaan bahan bakar fosil senilai US$705 miliar. Sebanyak US$347 miliar di antaranya digunakan untuk ekspansi bahan bakar fosil saja.

JP Morgan Chase menjadi bank pemodal bahan bakar fosil peringkat satu di dunia yang mengucurkan US$40,8 miliar kepada perusahaan bahan bakar fosil 2023. Secara akumulasi sejak 2016, bank ini disebut telah mengucurkan US$430 miliar.

"Mereka juga peringkat satu untuk ekspansi bahan bakar fosil pada 2023," tulis tim BOCC dalam rilisnya yang dikutip Selasa (23/7/2023).

Urutan kedua Citigroup yang diyakini mengucurkan dana fosil US$396 miliar sejak 2016. Sementara pada 2023 saja, bank asal Amerika Serikat ini disebut menggelontorkan US$30,27 miliar.

"Penyandang dana terburuk untuk ekspansi bahan bakar fosil sejak Perjanjian Paris adalah Citibank, yang mengucurkan dana sebesar US$204 miliar dari 2016," demikian bunyi laporan BOCC.

Ketiga, Bank of America, yang menyalurkan dana dengan total US$333 miliar sejak 2016. Adapun kucuran pada 2023 sebesar US$33,68 miliar, menjadi terbesar ketiga pada tahun lalu.

Selanjutnya ada MUFG dan Wells Fargo yang masing-masing menyalurkan dana sebesar US$307 miliar dan US$296 miliar sejak 2016. Sisanya, seperti terlihat pada grafik.

BOCC menjelaskan, sejumlah bank meningkatkan paparan mereka terhadap risiko iklim dengan membatalkan kebijakan mereka yang memang sudah lemah.

Bank of America contohnya, telah mengizinkan kembali pembiayaan untuk pengeboran Arktik, termal batu bara, dan pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara. BOCC menyebut mereka tidak mengungkapkan rasio energi maupun target emisi absolut jangka pendek dan mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip Ekuator (Equator Principles).

"Pada saat laporan ini diterbitkan, mereka adalah satu-satunya bank besar yang memperlihatkan semua kegagalan kebijakan iklim ini secara bersamaan," tulis tim BOCC.

Metodologi laporan ini menghimpun sejumlah sumber primer dengan melacak partisipasi bank dalam transaksi keuangan perusahaan, termasuk obligasi, pinjaman, dan penerbitan saham.

Setiap bank dalam laporan tersebut dihubungi BOCC untuk mengonfirmasi dan diberi kesempatan untuk meninjau kesepakatan-kesepakatan keuangan yang dikaitkan dengan mereka.

BOCC ditulis oleh Rainforest Action Network; BankTrack; Center for Energy, Ecology, and Development; Indigenous Environmental Network; Oil Change International; Reclaim Finance; Sierra Club; dan Urgewald. Laporan ini didukung oleh 589 organisasi di 69 negara.

(Baca juga: Apa yang Terjadi Bila Negara Beralih dari Energi Fosil ke Terbarukan?)

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