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Sejumlah Penyakit dan Kematian di RI Kerap Disebabkan oleh Polusi | Databoks
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Sejumlah Penyakit dan Kematian di RI Kerap Disebabkan oleh Polusi

Persentase Kematian dari Penyakit Akibat Polusi dan Non-polusi di Indonesia (2021)

Sumber : Health Effects Institute, 2024

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

15/7/2024, 19.40 WIB

Data State of Global Air (SoGA) 2024 dari Health Effects Institute (HEI) mengungkapkan bahwa polusi udara, termasuk dari polutan PM2.5, berkontribusi terhadap sejumlah penyakit hingga menyebabkan kematian di Indonesia.

Dari kematian penyakit stroke iskemik pada 2021, 11% di antaranya disebabkan oleh polusi udara. Sedangkan 89% berasal dari faktor lain atau non-polusi.

Kemudian, kematian neonatal disebabkan atas 9% polusi dan 91% dari non-polusi. HEI memberi catatan, neonatal diperkirakan hanya untuk PM2.5, polusi udara rumah tangga, atau gabungan keduanya (polusi udara).

"Dampak neonatal meliputi komplikasi akibat lahir terlalu kecil (berat badan lahir rendah) atau terlalu dini (prematur), dan infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah," tulis tim riset dalam laman yang dikutip Senin (15/7/2024).

Selanjutnya, kematian kanker paru-paru, yakni 11% dari polusi dan 89% dari non-polusi.

Ada juga kematian penyakit jantung iskemik, yakni 15% dari polusi dan 85% tidak berkorelasi dengan polusi.

(Baca juga: Kematian Akibat Polutan PM2.5 di Indonesia Cenderung Naik sejak 1990)

Selanjutnya kematian dari penyakit saluran pernapasan bawah atau LRI disebabkan 12% dari polusi dan 88% dari non-polusi; diabetes dari 11% polusi dan 89% non-polusi; dan penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) dari 15% polusi dan 85% non-polusi.

Melansir Klikdokter, sejumlah penelitian memang menemukan adanya hubungan antara polusi udara dengan diabetes. Polutan dapat memicu peradangan pada berbagai organ tubuh termasuk pankreas, sehingga memengaruhi produksi insulin.

Ketika terjadi kerusakan pada pankreas, maka fungsi dari organ ini akan mengalami gangguan.

"Sebagai akibatnya, kadar gula darah akan cenderung tinggi sehingga lama-kelamaan dapat menjadi penyebab penyakit diabetes melitus," tulis Klikdokter dalam situs yang dikutip Senin (15/7/2024).

(Baca juga: Fluktuasi Tingkat Polutan PM2.5 Indonesia Selama 3 Dekade Terakhir)

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