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Kematian Akibat Polutan PM2.5 di Indonesia Cenderung Naik sejak 1990 | Databoks Home Kematian Akibat Polutan PM2.5 di Indonesia Cenderung Naik sejak 1990 Kematian Akibat Polutan PM2.5 di Indonesia Cenderung Naik sejak 1990 Jumlah Kematian Akibat Polutan PM2.5 di Indonesia (1990-2021) Sumber : Health Effects Institute, 2024
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
15/7/2024, 15.24 WIB
Data terakhir State of Global Air (SoGA) 2024 dari Health Effects Institute (HEI) menunjukkan, ada 129,3 ribu orang di Indonesia yang meninggal akibat polutan particulate matter berukuran 2,5 mikrometer atau PM2.5 pada 2021.
Angka kematian tersebut meroket 232% dibandingkan dengan jumlah pada 1990 yang sebesar 38.900 kematian.
Secara tren, jumlah kematian memang cenderung naik selama tiga dekade terakhir. Memasuki 2000, kematian akibat PM2.5 merenggut 61.900 jiwa.
Sedekade selanjutnya, kematian naik menjadi 79.100 jiwa. Namun pada 2020, angkanya menjadi 119,4 ribu.
Meski secara tren dekade naik, angka kematian pada 2020 lebih rendah dari 2019 yang sebesar 123,7 ribu kematian. Ini menjadi satu-satunya penurunan kasus sepanjang 31 tahun, diprediksi karena pengetatan aktivitas akibat pandemi Covid-19.
Sementara secara global, HEI mengkalkulasikan sedikitnya 4,71 juta orang meninggal akibat polutan ini pada 2021.
Melansir IQAir, partikel ini ditemukan di udara, termasuk debu, jelaga, kotoran, asap, dan tetesan cair.
PM2.5 Partikel mengukur 2,5 mikron atau diameter kurang dari angka tersebut. PM2.5 sangat kecil, sehingga hanya bisa dilihat dengan mikroskop elektron.
Dari semua ragam polusi udara, polutan PM2.5 menjadi ancaman kesehatan terbesar, menurut IQAir.
"Karena ukurannya yang kecil, PM2.5 dapat tetap ditangguhkan di udara untuk waktu yang lama dan dapat diserap jauh ke dalam aliran darah saat inhalasi," tulis IQAir dalam lamannya yang dikutip Senin (15/7/2024).
Beberapa sumber buatan manusia yang paling umum dari polutan PM2.5 di antaranya:
Pembakaran motor Pembakaran pembangkit listrik/PLTU Proses industri Kompor, perapian, dan pembakaran kayu rumah Asap dari kebakaran Merokok IQAir menambahkan, sumber dominan kualitas udara PM2.5 dapat bervariasi tergantung pada musim, cuaca, iklim, tingkat urbanisasi, negara, dan wilayah.
(Baca juga: Perawatan Terhadap Anak-Anak yang Idap ISPA Turun pada 2022 )