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Thalasemia hingga Sumbing, Kelainan Bawaan Balita Indonesia 2023 | Databoks Home Thalasemia hingga Sumbing, Kelainan Bawaan Balita Indonesia 2023 Thalasemia hingga Sumbing, Kelainan Bawaan Balita Indonesia 2023 Proporsi Jenis Kelainan Bawaan pada Balita/Anak Usia 0-59 Bulan di Indonesia (2023) Sumber : Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes), Juni 2024
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
8/7/2024, 18.00 WIB
Laporan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 dari Kementerian Kesehatan menunjukkan, terdapat sejumlah kelainan bawaan yang diidap balita atau anak usia 0-59 bulan di Indonesia pada 2023.
Terbanyak adalah thalasemia dengan proporsi 0,56% dari populasi tertimbang sebesar 86.231 pada tahun lalu.
Melansir laman Siloam Hospitals, thalasemia merupakan penyakit bawaan yang ditandai dengan adanya kelainan pembentukan struktur protein pada hemoglobin darah.
Dampaknya, pengidap mengalami anemia, pembesaran organ limpa, perubahan fisik, hingga pertumbuhan yang terhambat.
Terbanyak kedua adalah kelainan jantung sebanyak 0,37%. Ketiga, kelainan kaki pengkor sebanyak 0,28%.
Kelainan lain yang dialami balita di antaranya down syndrome (0,26%); bibir sumbing (0,24%); hidrosefalus (0,2%), tak memiliki lubang anus (0,2%); dan kembar siam (0,16%).
Kemenkes menyebut, kelainan bawaan bisa menyebabkan kematian neonatal dan abortus spontan.
"Bila pun bayi bertahan hidup, banyak di antaranya yang menjadi penyandang disabilitas dan mengidap penyakit kronis," tulis Kemenkes dalam laporan peringatan Hari Kelainan Bawaan Sedunia, 3 Maret 2023.
Walaupun penyebab utama kelainan kongenital adalah faktor genetik, infeksi dan faktor lingkungan, Kemenkes menyebut sebenarnya banyak dari kelainan tersebut dapat dicegah. Contohnya, melalui vaksinasi dan konsumsi zat tertentu bagi ibu hamil, seperti asam folat dan yodium, dan menghindari mengkonsumsi obat yang tidak direkomendasikan oleh dokter.
Selain itu hindari alkohol atau zat berbahaya seperti pengawet dan pewarna buatan, hindari terpapar dari bahan berbahaya dan beracun seperti timbal, merkuri dan pestisida, beraktivitas fisik/olahraga yang teratur, dan menghindari asap rokok selama kehamilan.
(Baca juga: 59% Penyebab Disabilitas Berasal dari Penyakit, Ini Jenisnya )