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Tingkat Demokrasi Indonesia Turun pada 2023, Apa Penyebabnya? | Databoks Home Tingkat Demokrasi Indonesia Turun pada 2023, Apa Penyebabnya? Tingkat Demokrasi Indonesia Turun pada 2023, Apa Penyebabnya? Skor Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia/IDI (2009-2023) Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 10 Juni 2024
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
13/6/2024, 18.20 WIB
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) membukukan skor Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia (IDI) sebesar 79,25 poin pada 2023. Capaian 2023 turun 0,90 poin dari 2022 yang sebesar 80,41 poin.
Dengan capaian ini, demokrasi Indonesia turun dari level baik ke level sedang. Adapun pengukuran levelnya, yakni “baik” dengan nilai indeks lebih dari 80 poin, “sedang” dengan indeks 60–80 poin, dan “buruk” dengan indeks kurang dari 60 poin.
Walaupun begitu, pemerintah menganggap sudah melampaui target dari Rencana Kerja Pemerintah (RKP).
"Dari sisi perencanaan pembangunan, capaian IDI 2023 masih melampaui target RKP 2023 sebesar 79,25. Meski demikian, jika dibandingkan dengan capaian IDI 2022, angka tersebut mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,90 poin,” kata Deputi Bidang Koordinasi Politik Dalam Negeri Kementerian Koordinator Politik, Hukum, dan Keamanan (Kemenko Polhukam) Mayjen TNI Heri Wiranto di Kantor Kemenko Polhukam, Jakarta, Senin (10/6/2024).
Penurunan terjadi di semua lini. Angka capaian IDI pusat sebesar 83,14 atau turun 1,15 poin, sedangkan angka capaian IDI provinsi sebesar 77,21 atau turun 0,74 poin. Semua penilaian disusun oleh sejumlah indikator yang turut diberi poin.
(Baca juga: Yogyakarta Kantongi Skor Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia Tertinggi 2022 )
Heri menjelaskan, pada IDI pusat, penurunan utamanya disebabkan meningkatnya hambatan kebebasan berpendapat dalam indikator 1, hambatan kebebasan berkeyakinan dalam indikator 3, serta kemerdekaan pers dalam indikator 7.
Sementara pada IDI provinsi, indikator penurunanannya lebih banyak. Di antaranya kebebasan berkeyakinan dalam indikator 3, pemenuhan hak-hak pekerja dalam indikator 6, kemerdekaan pers dalam indikator 7, pelibatan partisipasi masyarakat oleh lembaga perwakilan dalam indikator 9, kualitas pelayanan publik dalam indikator 21, serta pendidikan politik bagi kader partai politik dalam indikator 22.
Menurut Heri, sebagian penurunan ini memang disebabkan oleh adanya Pemilu 2024. Fakta ini bisa dilihat dalam kasus-kasus hambatan kebebasan berpendapat yang sebagian terkait pemilu.
Indikator-indikator lain seperti pelibatan partisipasi masyarakat oleh lembaga perwakilan serta pendidikan politik bagi kader partai politik yang menurun, menunjukkan pergeseran prioritas partai politik yang lebih fokus pada konsolidasi pemenangan pemilu.
“Meski demikian, dapat kami tekankan bahwa dampak pemilu terhadap penurunan angka IDI hanya bersifat sebagian saja, karena penurunan pada indikator lain tidak terkait langsung dengan pemilu,” Heri berdalih.
Heri memberi contoh, indeks kemerdekaan pers dalam indikator 7 di tingkat pusat pun turun dari 75,92 menjadi 61,95. Penurunan sebesar 13,97 poin ini menurutnya patut menjadi sorotan mengingat pers merupakan salah satu pilar demokrasi.
"Ini sejalan dengan data Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) yang menyebutkan bahwa pada 2023 merupakan tahun dengan jumlah kekerasan yang paling tinggi terhadap jurnalis selama 10 tahun terakhir," kata Heri.
(Baca juga: 45% Jurnalis RI Alami Kekerasan pada 2023, Intimidasi hingga Ancaman Pembunuhan )
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