A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

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Emisi Baterai Nikel Lebih Tinggi dari Baterai LFP | Databoks
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Emisi Baterai Nikel Lebih Tinggi dari Baterai LFP

Emisi Karbon dari Produksi Baterai Nikel dan Baterai LFP per kWh (2023)

Sumber : International Energy Agency (IEA), April 2024

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

26/4/2024, 13.21 WIB

Menurut International Energy Agency (IEA), baterai nikel menghasilkan emisi karbon lebih banyak ketimbang baterai lithium ferro-phosphate (LFP).

IEA mengukur emisi baterai tersebut dari seluruh tahapan produksinya, mulai dari penambangan bahan mineral mentah, pengolahan mineral, produksi elektroda (material penghantar listrik), pembuatan baterai utuh, dan proses terkait lain.

(Baca: Mayoritas EV China Pakai Baterai LFP, Eropa dan AS Baterai Nikel)

IEA mencatat, produksi baterai nikel kadar tinggi (high-nickel), khususnya jenis nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), menghasilkan emisi 101,5 kilogram ekuivalen karbon dioksida per kilowatt-jam (kg CO2-eq per kWh).

Sebagian besar emisi tersebut berasal dari proses pengolahan mineral (54%) dan produksi elektroda (25%).

Di sisi lain, produksi baterai LFP hanya menghasilkan emisi 69,1 kg CO2-eq per kWh.

Emisi baterai LFP mayoritas berasal dari tahap pembuatan baterai utuh (46%) dan pengolahan mineral (34%), dengan rincian seperti terlihat pada grafik.

"Emisi per kWh baterai LFP sepertiga lebih rendah dibanding baterai NMC," kata IEA dalam laporan Global EV Outlook 2024.

"Dalam konteks tarif karbon, produsen baterai dan kendaraan listrik mungkin dapat diberi insentif untuk lebih mengutamakan baterai LFP, dibanding NMC yang menghasilkan lebih banyak emisi," lanjutnya.

Adapun tren penggunaan baterai nikel untuk kendaraan listrik global kini tercatat menurun, tergerus baterai LFP.

Selama 2021-2023 pangsa pasar baterai nikel kadar tinggi (high-nickel) susut dari 61% menjadi 54%, sedangkan baterai LFP naik dari 28% menjadi 40%.

(Baca: Baterai LFP Makin Gerus Pasar Baterai Nikel pada 2023)

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Energi