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Pekerja Miskin Ekstrem Dunia Capai 241,1 Juta Orang pada 2023 | Databoks
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Pekerja Miskin Ekstrem Dunia Capai 241,1 Juta Orang pada 2023

Jumlah Pekerja Miskin Global Berdasarkan Tingkat Keparahannya (2020-2023)

Sumber : International Labour Organization (ILO), 2024

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

26/3/2024, 09.00 WIB

International Labour Organization (ILO) mengelompokkan pekerja miskin dalam dua tingkat, yakni pekerja miskin ekstrem dan pekerja miskin sedang atau moderat.

Pekerja miskin ekstrem diestimasikan mencapai 241,1 juta orang pada 2023. Estimasi ini naik dari 2022 yang sebesar 240,1 juta orang.

Angka pekerja miskin ekstrem pernah menyentuh 248 juta orang pada 2020, tepatnya saat Covid-19 merebak dan aktivitas dibatasi. Ini menjadi yang tertinggi selama empat tahun terakhir.

Sementara pekerja miskin moderat diprediksikan mencapai 423,4 juta orang pada 2023. Angka tersebut juga naik cukup signifikan dari 2022 yang sebanyak 414,9 juta orang.

ILO mengkalkulasikan pekerja miskin ekstrem Indonesia mencapai 6% dari kelas pekerja ekonomi rendah pada 2023. Sementara pekerja miskin moderat sebanyak 30% dan mendekati miskin sebanyak 65%.

Adapun perhitungan tersebut berasal dari pangsa lapangan kerja berdasarkan kelas ekonomi 2023. Kelas ekonomi terendah ditetapkan berdasarkan garis kemiskinan dari World Bank dengan daya beli sebesar US$2,15 per kapita per hari.

ILO mendefinisikan pekerja miskin sebagai orang-orang yang bekerja dan tinggal di rumah tangga yang berada di bawah garis kemiskinan.

Data yang diolah ILO fokus pada kemiskinan di negara-negara berpendapatan rendah, menengah-bawah, dan menengah-atas. Tidak ada data untuk negara berpendapatan tinggi.

ILO menyebut, meski kemiskinan di negara-negara maju sering dikaitkan dengan pengangguran, namun kemiskinan ekstrem yang terjadi di sebagian besar negara-negara berkembang mayoritas merupakan masalah pekerja di negara-negara tersebut.

Bagi para pekerja miskin ini, masalahnya biasanya terletak pada kualitas pekerjaan. Oleh karena itu, kata ILO, upaya untuk mengurangi kemiskinan yang sejalan dengan SDGs memerlukan peningkatan kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan bagi pekerja miskin.

"Yaitu mereka yang bekerja namun tidak mampu mengangkat diri mereka sendiri dan keluarga mereka keluar dari garis kemiskinan," kata ILO melalui laporannya.

(Baca juga: Pertumbuhan Lapangan Kerja Global Melambat pada 2023)

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