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Daftar Negara yang Masuk Jurang Resesi, Bagaimana Pertumbuhan Ekonominya? | Databoks Home Daftar Negara yang Masuk Jurang Resesi, Bagaimana Pertumbuhan Ekonominya? Daftar Negara yang Masuk Jurang Resesi, Bagaimana Pertumbuhan Ekonominya? Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Tahunan/Real GDP Growth Jepang, Inggris, Jerman, dan Finlandia (2010-2023) Sumber : International Monetary Fund (IMF),
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
22/3/2024, 16.51 WIB
Sejumlah negara diprediksi masuk jurang resesi sebab pertumbuhan ekonomi yang menyusut, sedikitnya selama dua kuartal berturut-turut.
Melansir dari Katadata dan sejumlah sumber, Databoks menghimpun tak kurangnya empat negara yang masuk dalam daftar ini, di antaranya Jepang, Inggris, Jerman, dan Finlandia.
Katadata mewartakan, Jepang tergelincir ke dalam jurang resesi karena melemahnya permintaan domestik, sehingga meningkatkan ketidakpastian mengenai rencana bank sentral, Bank of Japan, untuk keluar dari kebijakan ultra-longgarnya pada tahun ini.
Kinerja yang sangat lemah ini membuat Jepang kehilangan predikatnya sebagai negara dengan perekonomian terbesar ke-3 di dunia dan digantikan oleh Jerman.
Melansir data International Monetary Fund (IMF), pertumbuhan ekonomi tahunan Jepang hanya sebesar 2% sepanjang 2023 (year-on-year /yoy). Meski tergolong kecil, angka itu sudah naik dari pertumbuhan 2022 yang hanya 1% (yoy).
PDB Jepang anjlok 0,4% (yoy) pada periode Oktober-Desember 2023. Pada kuartal sebelumnya, ekonomi Jepang bahkan telah merosot 3,3%. Angka PDB kuartal IV 2023 ini jauh di bawah perkiraan median pasar yang memperkirakan kenaikan sebesar 1,4%. Ambruknya pertumbuhan ekonomi Jepang diprediksi masih akan berlanjut hingga kuartal Januari-Maret 2024.
(Baca Katadata : Ekonomi Memburuk, Jepang, Inggris dan Jerman Masuk Jurang Resesi )
Inggris masuk ke dalam resesi teknis karena penurunan pertumbuhan dalam beberapa kuartal terakhir. Berdasarkan data IMF, pertumbuhan tahunan PDB Inggris hanya 0,5% (yoy) pada 2023.
Padahal, Inggris pernah begitu resilien hingga menapaki pertumbuhan 7,6% (yoy) pada 2021, setelah dihajar penurunan yang dalam karena pandemi Covid-19 hingga -11% (yoy) pada 2020.
Perdana Menteri Inggris Rishi Sunak berjanji untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagai salah satu janji utamanya kepada para pemilih tahun lalu.
Wakil kepala ekonom Inggris Capital Economics Ruth Gregory menyampaikan, bahwa angka PDB memiliki peran signifikansi terhadap kebijakan politik yang lebih besar daripada ekonomi, karena akan menjadi pertimbangan masyarakat dalam memilih anggota parlemen dalam pemilu nanti.
"Berita bahwa Inggris tergelincir ke dalam resesi teknis pada tahun 2023 akan menjadi pukulan bagi perdana menteri pada hari ketika ia menghadapi prospek kalah dalam dua pemilihan umum sela," kata Gregory seperti dikutip Reuters , Jumat (16/2).
Melansir Katadata , kamar dagang dan industri Jerman (DIHK) pada Kamis (15/2/2024) memperingatkan bahwa ekonomi Jerman akan menyusut sebesar 0,5% pada 2024. Diperkirakan ini merupakan tahun kedua resesi dan penurunan terburuk dalam dua dekade.
Kasus pertama terjadi pada tahun 2002 dan 2003 ketika dua resesi tersebut berturut-turut mendorong pemerintahan untuk memperkenalkan reformasi pasar tenaga kerja dan kesejahteraan yang agresif untuk meningkatkan daya saing Jerman.
Berdasarkan data IMF, pertumbuhan Jerman jatuh hingga -0.5% (yoy) pada 2023. Setahun sebelumnya, pertumbuhan Jerman hanya 1,8% (yoy).
Data IMF menunjukkan, pertumbuhan Finlandia sebesar -0,1% (yoy) pada 2023. Angka ini jeblok dari sebelumnya yang sebesar 1,6% (yoy) pada 2022. Sejak 2010, pertumbuhannya pun tak lebih dari 4%, seperti terlihat pada grafik.
Melansir CNBC Indonesia , perekonomian Finlandia memasuki resesi teknis pada akhir tahun. Ini karena tingginya inflasi yang terus terjadi dan meningkatnya biaya pinjaman yang mengurangi aktivitas dan permintaan.
(Baca juga: Resmi Bangkrut, Rasio Utang Pemerintah Ghana Tembus 98,7% PDB pada 2023 )
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