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Jutaan Suara Hasil Pemilu Terbuang karena Ambang Batas Parlemen | Databoks
IKLAN

Jutaan Suara Hasil Pemilu Terbuang karena Ambang Batas Parlemen

Jumlah Suara Hasil Pemilu DPR yang Terbuang karena Ambang Batas Parlemen (2009-2019)*

Sumber : Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK), Februari 2024

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

4/3/2024, 18.47 WIB

Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) memutuskan bahwa aturan parliamentary threshold atau ambang batas parlemen yang berlaku saat ini perlu diubah, dan hasil perubahannya akan berlaku mulai Pemilu 2029.

Putusan tersebut dilatarbelakangi sejumlah pertimbangan, salah satunya karena ambang batas parlemen kerap menjadikan jutaan suara hasil pemilu sebagai "suara yang terbuang".

(Baca: Apa Itu Parliamentary Threshold?)

Hal ini tercatat dalam Putusan MK Nomor 116/PUU-XXI/2023 yang diucapkan Kamis (29/2/2024), terkait gugatan terhadap ambang batas parlemen yang diajukan Perkumpulan Untuk Pemilu dan Demokrasi (Perludem).

Dalam putusannya, MK menyatakan bahwa ambang batas parlemen sesungguhnya merupakan metode untuk menyederhanakan jumlah partai politik di DPR, yang bertujuan agar sistem presidensial bisa berjalan lebih kuat, efektif, dan stabil.

Namun, dalam penerapannya aturan itu kerap menghanguskan atau "membuang" perolehan suara partai yang tidak mencapai ambang batas minimal.

Mengutip catatan MK, dalam Pemilu 2009 jumlah suara yang terbuang atau tidak dapat dikonversi menjadi kursi DPR mencapai 19,05 juta suara, setara 18% dari total suara sah nasional.

Kemudian dalam Pemilu 2014 suara yang terbuang mencapai 2,96 juta suara, setara 2,4% dari total suara sah nasional.

Lantas dalam Pemilu 2019, suara yang terbuang karena persoalan serupa mencapai 13,6 juta suara, setara 9,7% dari total suara sah nasional.

(Baca: 7 Partai Ini Tidak Memenuhi Syarat Parliamentary Threshold pada Pemilu 2019)

Mempertimbangkan data-data tadi, dalam putusannya MK menyatakan:

"Fakta tersebut membuktikan, hak konstitusional pemilih yang telah digunakan pemilih dalam pemilu menjadi hangus atau tidak dihitung dengan alasan penyederhanaan partai politik."

"Padahal prinsip demokrasi menempatkan rakyat sebagai pemilik kedaulatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945, namun kebijakan ambang batas parlemen telah ternyata mereduksi hak rakyat sebagai pemilih."

"Hak rakyat untuk dipilih juga direduksi ketika mendapatkan suara lebih banyak, namun tidak menjadi anggota DPR karena partainya tidak mencapai ambang batas parlemen."

MK pun lantas memutuskan bahwa aturan ambang batas parlemen yang berlaku saat ini perlu diubah dengan memperhatikan sejumlah pedoman berikut:

(1) Didesain untuk digunakan secara berkelanjutan;

(2) Perubahan norma ambang batas parlemen termasuk besaran angka atau persentase ambang batas parlemen dimaksud tetap dalam bingkai menjaga proporsionalitas sistem pemilu proporsional, terutama untuk mencegah besarnya jumlah suara yang tidak dapat dikonversi menjadi kursi DPR;

(3) Perubahan harus ditempatkan dalam rangka mewujudkan penyerderhanaan partai politik;

(4) Perubahan telah selesai sebelum dimulainya tahapan penyelenggaraan Pemilu 2029; dan

(5) Perubahan melibatkan semua kalangan yang memiliki perhatian terhadap penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum dengan menerapkan prinsip partisipasi publik yang bermakna termasuk melibatkan partai politik peserta pemilu yang tidak memiliki perwakilan di DPR.

(Baca: Real Count Sementara: Suara PSI Belum Penuhi Syarat Masuk Parlemen)

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TOPIK

Politik