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Populasi China Turun Dua Tahun Berturut-turut, Apa Penyebabnya? | Databoks
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Populasi China Turun Dua Tahun Berturut-turut, Apa Penyebabnya?

Jumlah Populasi China (1960-2023*)

Sumber : World Bank, 17 Januari 2024

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Penulis: Cindy Mutia Annur

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

18/1/2024, 13.45 WIB

Populasi China turun dua tahun berturut-turut, seiring dengan angka kelahiran di negerinya yang rendah.

Mengutip Reuters, pada 2022 populasi China berkurang 850 ribu jiwa dibanding tahun sebelumnya. Ini merupakan penurunan populasi pertama sejak krisis pangan era Mao Zedong tahun 1961.

Kemudian pada Rabu (17/1/2024), Biro Statistik Nasional China melaporkan jumlah penduduk mereka berkurang lagi 2,08 juta jiwa pada 2023, hingga populasinya menjadi 1,409 miliar jiwa.

Menurut laporan Reuters, penurunan populasi China salah satunya dipengaruhi kematian akibat Covid-19.

Pada akhir 2022 pemerintah China mencabut kebijakan pembatasan aktivitas sosial. Kemudian pada 2023 total kematian Covid-19 di China naik 6,6% menjadi 11,1 juta jiwa.

Seiring dengan itu, angka kelahiran di China pada 2023 turun 5,7% menjadi 9,02 juta jiwa.

Tingkat kelahiran mereka pun mencapai rekor terendah, yakni 6,39 kelahiran anak per 1.000 penduduk pada 2023. Turun dibanding 2022 yang angkanya 6,77 kelahiran per 1.000 penduduk.

Ada berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat kelahiran anak di China, di antaranya tren urbanisasi.

Reuters menyebut, banyak warga China pindah dari desa ke kota, lalu menghadapi biaya hidup yang lebih mahal. Akibatnya, banyak generasi usia produktif menunda atau memutuskan untuk tidak memiliki keturunan.

Kemudian tingkat pengangguran anak muda China mencapai rekor tertinggi pada 2023, dan upah para pekerja kantoran turun, sehingga banyak yang tak ingin mengambil risiko memiliki anak.

"Seperti yang kita amati berulang kali di negara-negara dengan tingkat kelahiran rendah, penurunan kelahiran seringkali sangat sulit untuk diperbaiki," kata ahli demografi Universitas Michigan, Zhou Yun, dilansir dari Reuters.

(Baca: Terus Bertumbuh, Ini Tren Jumlah Penduduk Dunia Sejak 1960)

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