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Sama-sama Kena Gempa Besar, Korban Jiwa Jepang Tak Sebanyak Turki | Databoks
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Sama-sama Kena Gempa Besar, Korban Jiwa Jepang Tak Sebanyak Turki

Korban Jiwa Bencana Gempa Magnitudo 7+ di Turki (Februari 2023) dan Jepang (Januari 2024)

Sumber : NHK World-Japan, 3 Januari 2024

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

3/1/2024, 11.34 WIB

Pada 1 Januari 2024, Jepang dilanda gempa besar dengan skala magnitudo (M) 7,6.

Menurut laporan media Jepang NHK World, bencana ini mengakibatkan 62 orang meninggal sampai 3 Januari 2024.

Sampai saat ini belum ada laporan pasti tentang jumlah bangunan yang rusak atau hancur akibat gempa Jepang.

Namun, menurut NHK World, setidaknya ada 25 rumah yang roboh di Kota Wajima, Prefektur Ishikawa, wilayah Jepang yang paling terdampak gempa.

Sekitar 200 rumah lain di Kota Wajima juga hancur karena kebakaran yang dipicu gempa.

Kendati memilukan, tragedi akibat gempa Jepang ini tak separah di Turki.

Pada awal tahun lalu, yakni 6 Februari 2023, Turki juga dilanda gempa besar berkekuatan antara M 7,5 sampai 7,8.

Mengutip laporan United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), gempa itu mengakibatkan sekitar 46.000 orang tewas, dan sekitar 230.000 bangunan hancur.

Meski kekuatan gempanya tak jauh berbeda, dampak bencana di Turki jauh lebih buruk dibanding Jepang.

Hal ini tentu dipengaruhi beragam faktor, salah satunya strategi mitigasi bencana yang diterapkan masing-masing negara.

Menurut laporan Incentives for Safer Buildings—Lessons from Japan (2010), sejak tahun 1970-an pemerintah Jepang telah mengembangkan teknologi bangunan tahan gempa dan memberlakukannya sebagai standar nasional.

Pemerintah Jepang lalu menyediakan bantuan finansial untuk penguatan konstruksi bangunan sesuai standar tersebut, baik untuk rumah warga maupun fasilitas publik.

Mengutip situs Kementerian Luar Negeri Jepang, sejak 1960-an pemerintah Jepang juga telah mengembangkan strategi mitigasi bencana yang mencakup lima aspek, yakni:

  • Penelitian teknis pencegahan bencana;
  • Penguatan sistem, fasilitas, dan alat pencegahan bencana;
  • Proyek konstruksi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan bertahan dari bencana;
  • Operasi darurat dan pemulihan usai bencana; serta
  • Peningkatan sistem informasi dan komunikasi.

(Baca: 10 Negara dengan Gempa Bumi Terbanyak 2023, Indonesia Pertama)

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