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Belanja Militer Indonesia Meningkat, tapi Rasionya Tak Sampai 1% PDB | Databoks
IKLAN

Belanja Militer Indonesia Meningkat, tapi Rasionya Tak Sampai 1% PDB

Realisasi Belanja Pemerintah Pusat untuk Fungsi Pertahanan dan Rasionya terhadap PDB (2004-2022)

Sumber : Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu), Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Bank Indonesia (BI), 2023

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

28/12/2023, 13.03 WIB

Berdasarkan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat (LKPP), realisasi belanja pemerintah untuk fungsi pertahanan atau belanja militer Indonesia pada 2022 mencapai Rp150,28 triliun.

Fungsi belanja ini mencakup pengadaan barang dan jasa militer, produksi alat utama sistem senjata (alutsista) industri dalam negeri, pengembangan industri pertahanan, serta dukungan untuk personel TNI matra darat, laut, dan udara.

Nilai belanja militer Indonesia pada 2022 meningkat sekitar 19% dibanding 2021 (year-on-year), sekaligus menjadi rekor tertinggi baru.

Kendati begitu, rasionya terhadap produk domestik bruto (PDB) relatif kecil.

Merujuk definisi dari Bank Dunia, "rasio belanja militer terhadap PDB" adalah indikator kasar untuk menunjukkan berapa banyak porsi sumber daya suatu negara yang digunakan untuk aktivitas militer.

Pada 2022, rasio belanja militer Indonesia hanya mencapai 0,77% dari total PDB Harga Berlaku yang nilainya Rp19.588 triliun.

Jika dirunut ke belakang, sejak 2004 rasio belanja militer Indonesia juga tak pernah mencapai 1% dari PDB, seperti terlihat pada grafik di atas.

Rasio tersebut tergolong rendah dibanding negara tetangga.

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) mencatat, pada 2022 rasio belanja militer Singapura terhadap PDB-nya mencapai 2,8%, Thailand 1,2%, Filipina 1%, dan Malaysia 0,96%.

Namun, menurut Bank Dunia, besaran rasio ini tak serta-merta mencerminkan kemampuan militer atau kekuatan pertahanan suatu negara.

Bank Dunia menilai kekuatan pertahanan juga dipengaruhi berbagai faktor lain, seperti berapa luas wilayah perbatasan negara yang harus dijaga, kualitas hubungan dengan negara tetangga, sampai peran militer dalam lembaga politik nasional.

(Baca: Ukraina, Negara yang Paling Banyak Belanja Militer dari PDB 2022)

IKLAN