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Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia, dari Era Habibie sampai Jokowi | Databoks
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Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia, dari Era Habibie sampai Jokowi

Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Tahunan Indonesia (1998-2022)

Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 2023

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

14/12/2023, 15.00 WIB

Menurut Kementerian Keuangan, "pertumbuhan ekonomi" adalah perubahan kondisi perekonomian yang terjadi di suatu negara atau wilayah.

Setiap tahun Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) menghitung pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia berdasarkan produk domestik bruto (PDB) atas dasar harga konstan (ADHK).

PDB menunjukkan total nilai tambah barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan secara nasional.

Kemudian dalam PDB ADHK, nilai tambah itu dihitung menggunakan patokan harga yang berlaku pada tahun dasar tertentu.

Contohnya, BPS mencatat nilai PDB ADHK Indonesia pada 2022 mencapai Rp11.710 triliun (dihitung berdasarkan patokan harga tahun 2010).

Angka tersebut meningkat 5,31% dibanding PDB ADHK 2021 yang nilainya Rp11.120 triliun. Dengan demikian, pada 2022 ekonomi Indonesia dikatakan tumbuh 5,31%.

(Baca: Sesuai Ramalan IMF, Ekonomi Indonesia Tumbuh 5,31% pada 2022)

Adapun tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi pada era Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) ini tak jauh beda dengan era pendahulunya sejak awal Reformasi.

Dalam sekitar dua dekade terakhir (1998—2022), nilai tengah atau median pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia adalah 5,03%.

Pertumbuhan paling buruk tercatat pada 1998, ketika Indonesia mengalami peralihan dari rezim Orde Baru ke Reformasi. Saat itu pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia -13,13%.

Angka minus itu menunjukkan, alih-alih meningkat, nilai PDB ADHK nasional pada 1998 malah berkurang 13,13% dibanding setahun sebelumnya.

Kemudian pada awal era Reformasi, setelah B. J. Habibie menjadi presiden (1999), ekonomi Indonesia mulai membaik meski pertumbuhannya baru 0,79%.

Pada era Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid (2000—2001) pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia terus menguat ke kisaran 3,6—4,9% per tahun.

Berlanjut ke era Presiden Megawati Soekarnoputri (2002—2004), pertumbuhannya mencapai kisaran 4,5—5% per tahun.

Lantas pada era Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia mencapai level tertinggi sejak awal Reformasi.

Saat SBY memimpin (2005—2014), pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia beberapa kali berhasil menembus angka 6%. Prestasi puncaknya tercatat pada 2007, ketika ekonomi nasional tumbuh 6,35%.

Sementara pada era Presiden Jokowi (2015—2022), pertumbuhan normalnya berada di kisaran 4,8—5,3%. Kondisi tidak normal sempat terjadi pada 2020—2021, saat Indonesia dilanda pandemi Covid-19.

Situasi pandemi ketika itu membatasi pergerakan dunia usaha, sehingga pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional jatuh ke angka minus pada 2020, dan baru mulai pulih pada 2021 seperti terlihat pada grafik.

(Baca: Proyeksi Bank Dunia: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Melambat pada 2024)

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