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Setara Institute: Indeks HAM Indonesia 2023 Turun | Databoks
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Setara Institute: Indeks HAM Indonesia 2023 Turun

Skor Indeks HAM Indonesia menurut Setara Institute (2019-2023)

Sumber : Setara Institute, 10 Desember 2023

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

11/12/2023, 14.28 WIB

Kinerja pemerintah Indonesia dalam melindungi dan menegakkan hak asasi manusia (HAM) turun pada 2023.

Hal ini terlihat dalam laporan Setara Institute yang bertajuk Indeks Hak Asasi Manusia 2023, Stagnasi HAM Menjelang Satu Dekade Jokowi (Desember 2023).

Setara Institute menyusun Indeks HAM dengan mengacu kepada UU No. 12 Tahun 2005 (Pengesahan Kovenan Internasional Hak Sipil dan Politik), serta  UU No.11 Tahun 2005 (Pengesahan Kovenan Internasional Hak Ekonomi, Sosial, Budaya).

Setara Institute kemudian menilai kinerja pemerintah dalam melaksanakan amanat UU/kovenan tersebut dari laporan lembaga negara, laporan organisasi masyarakat, riset lembaga penelitian, dan referensi media.

Rincian variabel yang dinilai adalah sebagai berikut:

1. Hak Sipil dan Politik

  • Hak hidup
  • Kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan
  • Hak memperoleh keadilan
  • Hak atas rasa aman
  • Hak turut serta dalam pemerintahan
  • Kebebasan berekspresi dan berpendapat

2. Hak Ekonomi, Sosial, Budaya:

  • Hak atas kesehatan
  • Hak atas pendidikan
  • Hak atas pekerjaan
  • Hak atas tanah
  • Hak atas budaya

Penilaiannya dirumuskan dengan skor berskala 1-7. Skor 1 menggambarkan perlindungan, penghormatan, dan pemenuhan HAM paling buruk, sedangkan skor 7 paling baik.

Dengan metode tersebut, pada 2023 Indonesia mendapat skor Indeks HAM 3,2, turun dibanding tahun lalu yang skornya 3,3.

Menurut Setara Institute, penurunan skor itu salah satunya dipengaruhi kenaikan jumlah kasus pelanggaran kebebasan beragama.

Setara Institute mencatat, pada Januari-Juni 2023 ada 155 kasus pelanggaran kebebasan beragama di Indonesia, sedangkan pada Januari-Juni 2022 hanya ada 90 kasus serupa.

Beberapa contoh kasus yang terjadi tahun ini adalah aksi penolakan pendirian rumah ibadah, serta pemaksaan atribut keagamaan di lingkungan pendidikan.

Skor Indeks HAM Indonesia 2023 juga turun karena dipengaruhi konflik di Papua, pembentukan Perppu Cipta Kerja yang dinilai mengabaikan partisipasi masyarakat, masih adanya kekerasan terhadap jurnalis, serta kriminalisasi berdasarkan UU Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (ITE).

Setara Institute juga menemukan, sepanjang 2023 ada pembungkaman aspirasi masyarakat di balik eksekusi Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN), pembubaran diskusi publik, serta pembatasan kebebasan akademis.

(Baca: Netizen Suka Sebut Konoha-Wakanda, Apa Demokrasi Indonesia Memburuk?

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