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PISA 2022: Kemampuan Membaca Pelajar Indonesia Tergolong Rendah di ASEAN | Databoks Home PISA 2022: Kemampuan Membaca Pelajar Indonesia Tergolong Rendah di ASEAN PISA 2022: Kemampuan Membaca Pelajar Indonesia Tergolong Rendah di ASEAN Skor Kemampuan Membaca Pelajar ASEAN menurut PISA (2022) Sumber : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2023
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
8/12/2023, 17.01 WIB
Kemampuan membaca (reading performance ) pelajar Indonesia tergolong rendah di skala ASEAN.
Hal ini terlihat dari laporan Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022 yang dirilis Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
PISA mendefinisikan kemampuan membaca sebagai "kemampuan memahami, menggunakan, dan merefleksikan teks untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu, mengembangkan pengetahuan dan potensi, serta berpartisipasi dalam masyarakat".
Untuk mengukur kemampuan tersebut, PISA melakukan tes dan survei kepada sampel pelajar berusia 15 tahun dari puluhan negara.
PISA kemudian mengklasifikasikan kemampuan membaca menjadi 8 level, dari level tertinggi 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1a, 1b, sampai 1c.
Semakin tinggi angkanya maka keterampilan membaca diasumsikan semakin baik, dan begitu pula sebaliknya.
(Baca: Kitab Suci, Bacaan Favorit Masyarakat Indonesia )
Pada 2022 pelajar Indonesia memperoleh skor kemampuan membaca 359 poin, jauh di bawah skor rata-rata negara anggota OECD yang kisarannya 472-480 poin.
Skor Indonesia juga lebih rendah dibanding 5 negara tetangga di ASEAN, seperti terlihat pada grafik.
Dengan perolehan skor 359, Indonesia masuk ke level 1a. Artinya, secara umum pelajar Indonesia bisa memahami arti harfiah dari kalimat atau paragraf pendek.
Pembaca level 1a juga bisa mengenali tema utama teks sederhana yang bersifat eksplisit, serta membuat hubungan sederhana antara beberapa informasi yang berada di sekitar teks tersebut.
Namun, pembaca level 1a belum bisa memahami teks panjang, yang informasinya bersifat implisit, abstrak, ataupun membandingkan perspektif suatu teks dengan teks lainnya.
Keterampilan membaca pelajar di Malaysia, Thailand, dan Filipina juga masuk level 1a, dengan kisaran skor PISA 335-406. Namun, Malaysia dan Thailand memperoleh skor sedikit lebih baik dari Indonesia.
Adapun negara tetangga lain skornya jauh lebih tinggi, yakni Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, dan Singapura.
Skor membaca PISA Brunei Darussalam dan Vietnam berada di kisaran 407-479, menempatkan mereka di level 2. Pembaca di level ini umumnya bisa memahami teks dengan panjang sedang, serta bisa memahami atau menafsirkan makna teks meski informasinya tidak eksplisit.
Kemudian Singapura meraih skor 543, masuk ke level 3. Capaian Singapura melampaui rata-rata skor anggota OECD, tertinggi di ASEAN, sekaligus juara dari 81 negara yang ikut tes PISA.
Pembaca di level 3 umumnya bisa memahami dan mengintegrasikan makna dari beberapa teks terpisah, meski tak diberi petunjuk eksplisit, serta bisa mengategorikan informasi dalam teks.
Keterangan lebih rinci tentang level kemampuan membaca PISA dapat dilihat dalam laporan What can students do in reading? di situs web OECD.
(Baca: Tren Penerbitan Buku Melemah, Bagaimana Kondisi Industrinya? )