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Pneumonia Jadi Penyebab Terbesar Kematian Balita di Dunia 2021 | Databoks
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Pneumonia Jadi Penyebab Terbesar Kematian Balita di Dunia 2021

Sumber : United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), November 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

4/12/2023, 15.14 WIB

Laporan United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) menunjukkan, pneumonia menjadi penyakit menular yang menyumbang kematian terbesar terhadap anak bawah lima tahun (balita) di dunia pada 2021.

Angkanya mencapai 725.557 kasus pada 2021. UNICEF menyebut, jumlah tersebut sudah turun 54% dari 2000 lalu yang mencapai 1.590.874 kasus kematian.

Secara global, terdapat lebih dari 1.400 kasus pneumonia per 100.000 anak, atau 1 kasus per 71 anak setiap tahunnya. Adapun kejadian terbesar ada di Asia Selatan, yakni 2.500 kasus per 100.000 anak dan Afrika Barat dan Tengah 1.620 kasus per 100.000 anak.

Pneumonia, kata UNICEF, membunuh lebih banyak anak-anak dibanding penyakit menular lainnya. Tercatat, ada 700.000 anak balita meninggal setiap tahunnya atau sekitar 2.000 anak per hari. Jumlah ini mencakup sekitar 190.000 bayi baru lahir.

Penyakit menular yang menyumbang kematian balita terbesar lainnya adalah diare, yakni 443.833 kasus pada 2021. Progres penanganan diare lebih besar dari pneumonia, yakni turun 63% dari 2000 yang sebesar 1.197.044 kasus. Kasus kematian diare—terbesar kedua global pada 2000—bahkan kini lebih sedikit dari malaria yang menempati posisi kedua pada 2021.

"Sekarang, jumlah kasus kematian diare hampir setengah dari kematian pneumonia," tulis UNICEF dalam lamannya.

Penyakit lainnya, yakni malaria (449.696 kasus), sepsis (172.221 kasus), campak (113.861 kasus), tetanus/meningitis/encephalitis atau radang otak (109.101 kasus), dan HIV/AIDS (49.159 kasus).

(Baca juga: Perawatan Terhadap Anak-Anak yang Idap ISPA Turun pada 2022)

Pneumonia misterius di Tiongkok

Melansir Katadata, penyebaran penumonia di Tiongkok dimulai pada November 2023. Setidaknya, ada 7.000 pasien anak dirawat setiap hari.

Jenis patogen utama yang terdeteksi sejauh ini adalah streptococcus pneumoniae, adenovirus, dan mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Selain di Negeri Panda, penyakit paru-paru ini juga terdeteksi di sejumlah negara Eropa dan Amerika Serikat. Kementerian Kesehatan Cina berdalih, penyakit pernapasan ini bukan hal baru dan sudah diketahui semua orang.

Sementara, Pejabat Direktur Departemen Kesiapsiagaan dan Pencegahan Epidemi dan Pandemi WHO Maria Van Kerkhove mengatakan, peningkatan kasus di Cina diperkirakan terjadi karena adanya pencabutan pembatasan Covid-19.

(Baca juga: Tingkat Kematian Tiongkok pada 2022 Tertinggi Selama 2 Dekade Terakhir)

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