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Tingkat Kematian Tiongkok pada 2022 Tertinggi Selama 2 Dekade Terakhir | Databoks
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Tingkat Kematian Tiongkok pada 2022 Tertinggi Selama 2 Dekade Terakhir

Tingkat Kematian/Mortality Rate Tiongkok (2000-2022)

Sumber : Statista, Januari 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

30/11/2023, 16.21 WIB

Data Biro Statistik Nasional Tiongkok yang dihimpun Statista menunjukkan, tingkat kematian negara tersebut mencapai 7,37 kematian per 1.000 penduduk pada 2022.

Tingkat kematian itu naik dari sebelumnya yang sebesar 7,18 kematian per 1.000 penduduk pada 2021. Angka kematian pada 2022 juga menjadi yang tertinggi selama dua dekade terakhir.

Jika melihat trennya, derajat kematian di Tiongkok sebesar 7,06 kematian pada 2008. Setelah tahun tersebut, angka kematian konsisten di atas 7 hingga pendataan terakhir pada 2022.

Tingkat kematian Negeri Panda sempat rendah pada 2000-2005. Pada periode tersebut, tingkat kematian berada dalam rentang 6,4-6,51 kematian per 1.000 penduduk.

Melalui rilisnya, Biro Statistik Nasional Tiongkok menyebut, pada akhir 2022 jumlah penduduk nasional mencapai 1,41 miliar jiwa. Jumlah ini turun 0,85 juta jiwa dibandingkan akhir 2021.

Dari jumlah tersebut, penduduk tetap perkotaan berjumlah 920,71 juta jiwa. Selain itu, terdapat 9,56 juta kelahiran pada 2022 dengan angka kelahiran kasar 6,77 per 1.000 penduduk.

Sejurus itu, terdapat 10,41 juta kematian dengan angka kematian kasar 7,37 per 1.000 penduduk. Tingkat pertumbuhan alaminya susut -0,60 per 1.000 penduduk.

(Baca juga: Daftar Jumlah Penduduk di Negara G20, Indonesia Peringkat Berapa?)

Pneumonia di Tiongkok

Melansir Katadata, penyebaran penumonia di Tiongkok dimulai pada November 2023. Selain di negara tersebut, penyakit paru-paru ini juga terdeteksi di Eropa. Sedangkan pasiennya didominasi anak-anak.

Direktur Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Menular Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes), Imran Pambudi mengatakan pneumonia yang menyebar di Tiongkok sama dengan yang terjadi di masyarakat karena infeksi bakteri. Namun, kebanyakan kasus pneumonia di negara tersebut diakibatkan mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Mycoplasma adalah bakteri penyebab infeksi pernapasan dan memiliki masa inkubasi panjang. Makanya penyebaran bakteri ini tak secepat virus Covid-19 sehingga fatalitasnya rendah.

Kemenkes meminta masyarakat agar tidak panik dengan penyebaran penyakit ini. Kemenkes juga telah melakukan upaya mitigasi. Salah satunya dengan menerbitkan Surat Edaran Nomor PM.03.01/C/4632/2023 tentang Kewaspadaan Terhadap Kejadian Mycoplasma Pneumonia.

Melalui surat tersebut, Kemenkes meminta fasilitas kesehatan dan pintu masuk negara aktif melaporkan temuan kasus pneumonia. Laporan diberikan lewat Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini dan Respon Event Based Surveillance (SKDREBS)/Surveilans Berbasis Kejadian (SBK) maupun ke PHEOC.

"Kami mengimbau Dinas Kesehatan, rumah sakit maupun pintu masuk negara agar segera melaporkan apabila ada indikasi kasus yang mengarah pada pneumonia," kata Imran yang diwartakan pada Kamis (30/11/2023).

(Baca juga: Ini Riwayat Kematian Anak Palestina Selama 20 Tahun Terakhir)

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