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Ini Proyeksi Kenaikan Permukaan Laut akibat Pemanasan Global | Databoks Home Ini Proyeksi Kenaikan Permukaan Laut akibat Pemanasan Global Ini Proyeksi Kenaikan Permukaan Laut akibat Pemanasan Global Proyeksi Kenaikan Permukaan Laut akibat Pemanasan Global* Sumber : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2023
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
23/11/2023, 20.30 WIB
Pemanasan global bisa mencairkan lapisan es di daratan dan lautan, hingga mendorong kenaikan level permukaan air laut.
Hal ini tercatat dalam laporan riset Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report dari Intergovernmental Panel in Climate Change (IPCC).
Menurut IPCC, selama periode 1901-2018 level permukaan laut global sudah naik 0,2 meter.
Kemudian jika suhu rata-rata bumi naik 1,5 derajat Celsius (°C) dibanding era pra-industri (1850-1900), permukaan laut diproyeksikan bisa naik lagi antara 0,28-0,55 meter sampai tahun 2100.
(Baca: Suhu Permukaan Bumi Naik 0,89 Derajat Celsius pada 2022 )
Tingkat kenaikannya bisa lebih tinggi jika pemanasan global makin parah.
Apabila suhu bumi naik 2 °C, level permukaan laut bisa naik antara 0,33-0,61 meter. Lalu jika suhu bumi naik 3 °C, kenaikannya bisa mencapai 0,44-0,76 meter sampai tahun 2100.
IPCC memperkirakan, pemanasan global antara 2-3 °C bisa mencairkan hampir seluruh es di Greenland dan Antartika Barat—wilayah dengan lapisan es terbesar sedunia.
Dalam kondisi tersebut, lapisan esnya diprediksi tak bisa pulih hingga ribuan tahun, dan air lelehannya akan menaikkan level permukaan laut secara signifikan.
Menurut IPCC, fenomena itu bisa menenggelamkan ekosistem pantai, memicu salinisasi atau penggaraman air tanah, serta menimbulkan banjir rob yang merusak infrastruktur di wilayah pesisir.
Mereka mencatat, sampai 2020 sudah ada sebagian masyarakat dunia yang terkena dampak kenaikan permukaan air laut, mulai dari Asia (63,8 juta orang), Afrika (2,4 juta orang), Amerika Tengah dan Selatan (690 ribu orang), Eropa (670 ribu orang), Amerika Utara (340 ribu orang), sampai Australasia (20 ribu orang).
"Respons terhadap kenaikan permukaan laut yang sedang berlangsung mencakup perlindungan, penyediaan akomodasi, dan relokasi terencana," tulis IPCC dalam laporannya.
"Pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca dalam jumlah besar, cepat, dan berkelanjutan bisa membatasi akselerasi kenaikan permukaan laut," lanjutnya.
(Baca: Bumi Makin Panas, Biaya Ketahanan Pangan Makin Mahal )