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Bumi Makin Panas, Biaya Ketahanan Pangan Makin Mahal | Databoks
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Bumi Makin Panas, Biaya Ketahanan Pangan Makin Mahal

Estimasi Biaya Tambahan untuk Menjaga Ketahanan Pangan di Tengah Pemanasan Global

Sumber : Climate Research, Juli 2020

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

22/11/2023, 17.30 WIB

Pemanasan global bisa menurunkan kelembapan tanah dan memicu kekeringan. Akibatnya, produksi pertanian bisa berkurang hingga mengancam ketahanan pangan.

Skenario itu tercatat dalam laporan riset Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report dari Intergovernmental Panel in Climate Change (IPCC).

(Baca: Suhu Permukaan Bumi Naik 0,89 Derajat Celsius pada 2022)

Adapun menurut laporan Climate Change Adaptation Cost and Residual Damage to Global Crop Production (Juli 2020), biaya ketahanan pangan di tengah pemanasan global sangat besar.

Riset tersebut mengestimasikan, jika suhu rata-rata bumi naik 1,5 derajat Celsius (°C) dibanding era pra-industri (1850-1900), maka biaya tambahan untuk menjaga ketahanan pangan global mencapai US$63 miliar atau sekitar Rp983 triliun per tahun (asumsi kurs Rp15.612 per US$).

Angka itu mencakup biaya adaptasi (adaptation cost) dan nilai kerusakan residu pertanian (residual damage).

Biaya adaptasi (adaptation cost) adalah pengeluaran tambahan yang diperlukan sektor pertanian supaya bisa mencapai target panen di tengah perubahan iklim.

Kemudian nilai kerusakan residu (residual damage) adalah kerugian sektor pertanian ketika biaya adaptasi tak mampu lagi meningkatkan hasil panen akibat keterbatasan biologis tanaman.

Biaya pemeliharaan ketahanan pangan itu juga diprediksi makin mahal jika pemanasan global kian parah.

Estimasinya, jika suhu rata-rata bumi naik 2 °C, maka biayanya mencapai US$80 miliar atau sekitar Rp1.248 triliun per tahun.

Lalu jika suhu rata-rata bumi naik 3 °C, biayanya membengkak jadi US$128 miliar atau sekitar Rp1.998 triliun per tahun.

"Banyak negara berkembang kekurangan sumber daya keuangan untuk adaptasi guna mengurangi kerugian ekonomi dan non-ekonomi (akibat perubahan iklim)," tulis IPCC dalam laporannya.

(Baca: Makin Tinggi Suhu Bumi, Makin Banyak Spesies Berisiko Punah)

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