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Makin Tinggi Suhu Bumi, Makin Banyak Spesies Berisiko Punah | Databoks
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Makin Tinggi Suhu Bumi, Makin Banyak Spesies Berisiko Punah

Proporsi Spesies* yang Berisiko Tinggi Punah akibat Pemanasan Global

Sumber : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

21/11/2023, 18.06 WIB

Peningkatan suhu rata-rata permukaan bumi atau pemanasan global bisa membuat banyak mahluk hidup punah.

Hal ini tercatat dalam laporan Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report yang dirilis Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Menurut tim IPCC, dari puluhan ribu spesies di ekosistem darat yang diteliti, 14% di antaranya berisiko tinggi punah jika suhu bumi naik 1,5 derajat Celsius (°C) dibanding rata-rata suhu era pra-industri (1850-1900).

Proporsi spesies yang berisiko punah makin bertambah jika kenaikan suhunya makin tinggi, dengan rincian seperti terlihat pada grafik.

(Baca: Suhu Permukaan Bumi Naik 0,89 Derajat Celsius pada 2022)

Menurut International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), beberapa spesies yang paling terancam punah akibat pemanasan global adalah beruang kutub (Ursus maritimus), penyu hijau (Chelonia mydas), penguin Adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae), gajah Asia (Elephas maximus), ikan hiu, paus, dan lebah.

Kepunahan berbagai hewan itu bisa merusak keseimbangan ekosistem, bahkan berpengaruh pada ketahanan pangan manusia. Contoh kecilnya, lebah.

"Lebah adalah salah satu serangga pendukung penyerbukan tanaman terpenting di planet kita. Tanpa mereka, kita tidak akan memiliki banyak sayuran, buah-buahan, kacang-kacangan, dan tanaman lainnya," kata IFAW dalam laporan Which animals are most impacted by climate change? (Agustus 2023).

Untuk mencegah risiko pemanasan global, IPCC mendorong adanya upaya pengurangan emisi karbon secara serius.

"Dari setiap 1.000 GtCO2 yang dihasilkan manusia, suhu rata-rata global kemungkinan meningkat antara 0,27 °C sampai 0,63 °C," kata IPCC dalam laporannya.

"Dari sudut pandang ilmu fisika, membatasi pemanasan global memerlukan pembatasan emisi CO2, mencapai nol neto emisi CO2, serta pengurangan besar emisi gas rumah kaca jenis lain," lanjutnya.

(Baca: Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Global Naik Lagi pada 2022, Rekor Tertinggi Baru)

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