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Beda dengan Ganjar, Ini Rapor Kondisi Hukum Era Jokowi Versi Lembaga Riset | Databoks
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Beda dengan Ganjar, Ini Rapor Kondisi Hukum Era Jokowi Versi Lembaga Riset

Rule of Law Index/Indeks Sistem Hukum Indonesia menurut World Justice Project (2015-2023)

Sumber : World Justice Project (WJP), Oktober 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

21/11/2023, 14.50 WIB

Menurut calon presiden (capres) Ganjar Pranowo, skor penegakan hukum Indonesia di era Presiden Jokowi menurun.

Ganjar menilai penurunan itu terjadi setelah ada putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) terkait batas usia capres-cawapres, yang proses pembuatan putusannya belakangan dinyatakan melanggar kode etik.

(Baca: Hakim MK Silang Pendapat dalam Putusan Usia Minimum Capres-Cawapres)

"Dengan adanya kasus di MK (hukum Indonesia) nilainya jeblok. Karena dengan kejadian itu persepsi publik hari ini jadi berbeda, yang kemarin kelihatan tegas, hari ini, dengan kejadian-kejadian terakhir, jadi tidak demikian. Maka nilainya jeblok," kata Ganjar, diberitakan CNN Indonesia, Minggu (19/11/2023).

Menurut Ganjar, sebelumnya nilai penegakan hukum Indonesia antara 7-8 dari skala 10 poin. Namun, setelah ada putusan MK yang kontroversial itu, nilainya turun jadi 5 poin.

"Faktor yang membuatnya turun adalah adanya rekayasa dan intervensi," kata Ganjar.

Kendati demikian, Ganjar tidak merinci data dan metode apa yang ia gunakan dalam menilai penurunan skor tersebut.

Rapor Hukum Indonesia Versi Rule of Law Index

Berbeda dengan Ganjar, menurut Rule of Law Index dari lembaga riset independen World Justice Project (WJP), kondisi hukum Indonesia pada era Jokowi sedikit membaik, meskipun tidak signifikan.

WJP mendefinisikan rule of law sebagai sistem hukum, institusi, norma, dan komitmen masyarakat yang kuat dalam menerapkan empat prinsip universal, yaitu akuntabilitas, hukum yang adil, pemerintahan yang terbuka, serta keadilan yang tak memihak dan mudah diakses.

WJP lantas menilai kualitas rule of law berdasarkan survei terhadap pakar hukum dan masyarakat umum yang tersebar di 142 negara.

Survei itu merekam persepsi responden terkait 8 indikator penilaian utama, yaitu:

  1. Pembatasan kekuasaan pemerintah;
  2. Tingkat korupsi;
  3. Keterbukaan pemerintah;
  4. Perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusia (HAM);
  5. Ketertiban dan keamanan;
  6. Implementasi dan penegakan regulasi;
  7. Peradilan perdata; dan
  8. Peradilan pidana.

Hasil surveinya dirumuskan menjadi skor berskala 0-1. Semakin tinggi skornya, sistem hukum suatu negara diasumsikan semakin baik, dan begitu pula sebaliknya.

Dengan metode ini, Indonesia meraih skor Rule of Law Index 0,53 pada 2023, sedikit di bawah rata-rata global yang skornya 0,55.

Skor tersebut masih sama dengan 2022, dan hanya naik tipis dibanding 2015 ketika Jokowi awal menjabat.

Jika dirinci berdasarkan indikator, pada 2023 Indonesia meraih skor cukup baik dalam hal pembatasan kekuasaan pemerintah, yakni 0,66, lebih tinggi dari rata-rata global yang skornya 0,54.

Indonesia juga memiliki skor sedikit lebih tinggi dari rata-rata global dalam hal keterbukaan pemerintah (0,55), serta implementasi dan penegakan regulasi (0,57).

Tapi, skor Indonesia lebih rendah dari rata-rata global dalam hal tingkat korupsi (0,40), perlindungan HAM (0,50), ketertiban dan keamanan (0,71), peradilan perdata (0,47), serta peradilan pidana (0,40).

Data Rule of Law Index dari WJP ini telah digunakan berbagai lembaga untuk merumuskan kebijakan. Beberapa pengguna datanya adalah Bank Dunia, European Commission, International Monetary Fund (IMF), dan Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

(Baca: Netizen Suka Sebut Konoha-Wakanda, Apa Demokrasi Indonesia Memburuk?)

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