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Setelah Pandemi, Jumlah Pekerja Komuter hingga Sirkuler RI Makin Menyusut | Databoks
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Setelah Pandemi, Jumlah Pekerja Komuter hingga Sirkuler RI Makin Menyusut

Persentase Pekerja Menurut Status Mobilitas (2018-2022)

Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 27 Oktober 2023

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

30/10/2023, 16.45 WIB

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mengelompokkan pekerja Indonesia berdasarkan status mobilitasnya. Ada tiga status yang ditetapkan, yakni pekerja komuter, sirkuler, dan migran risen.

Pekerja komuter merupakan pekerja yang bekerja di luar kabupaten/kota tempat tinggalnya, kemudian secara rutin pergi dan pulang ke tempat tinggalnya kurang dari 24 jam atau pada hari yang sama.

Pada 2022, proporsi pekerja komuter mencapai 6% dari total angkatan kerja RI. Proporsi ini meningkat dari 2021 yang sebesar 5,6%.

Meski begitu, proporsi pekerja komuter sebenarnya telah menyusut dalam tiga tahun terakhir dibanding pra-pandemi Covid-19, yakni 2018 dan 2019, yang masing-masing sebesar 6,9%.

Status selanjutnya adalah pekerja sirkuler, yakni pekerja yang secara rutin pergi ke tempat tujuan dan kembali ke tempat tinggal dalam jangka waktu mingguan dengan melewati batas administratif tingkat kabupaten atau kota.

Untuk status ini, proporsinya mencapai 1,6% dari total angkatan kerja 2022. Nilai ini turun dari 2021 yang sebesar 1,8% dan susut jauh dari 2018 yang sempat mencapai 2,2%. Pekerja sirkuler menjadi satu-satunya kelompok yang konsisten mengalami penurunan tiap tahunnya. 

"Pada jarak geografis yang lebih besar, secara umum persentase pekerja sirkuler yang berkurang sebesar 0,2% poin menggambarkan tren penurunan pekerja sirkuler jangka panjang," kata BPS dalam laporan Analisis Mobilitas Tenaga Kerja Hasil Sakernas 2022.

Terakhir, migran risen adalah mereka yang pernah pindah dalam kurun 5 tahun terakhir atau sebelum pencacahan.

Proporsi migran risen pada 2022 mencapai 2,8% dari total angkatan kerja. Nilai ini meningkat dari 2021 yang hanya 2,5%.

Namun jika dibandingkan pra-pandemi, proporsinya cukup jauh. Pada 2018 pekerja migran risen tembus 4% dan 2019 sebesar 4,5%.

"Pada mobilitas permanen, peningkatan persentase pekerja migran risen sebesar 0,3% poin menunjukkan bahwa pergerakan pekerja antar-wilayah telah kembali menggeliat meskipun tidak sebesar seperti sebelum terjadinya pandemi," kata BPS.

BPS mencatat, penduduk usia kerja pada 2022 sebanyak 209,4 juta orang. Namun jumlah angkatan kerjanya mencapai 143,7 juta orang.

Pekerja laki-laki mendominasi angkatan kerja dengan proporsi 61,1%, sedangkan perempuannya 38,9%.

Berdasarkan sektor, angkatan kerja Indonesia lebih banyak bekerja di sektor informal, yakni 59,3%. Sementara pekerja formalnya mencapai 40,7% pada 2022.

(Baca juga: Jawa Barat Jadi Provinsi dengan Pekerja Komuter Terbesar Nasional 2022)

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