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Papua dan Bencana Kelaparan yang Terus Berputar | Databoks
IKLAN

Papua dan Bencana Kelaparan yang Terus Berputar

Estimasi Korban Meninggal Dunia Akibat Kelaparan di Papua dan Sekitarnya (2005-2023)**

Sumber : Berbagai Sumber, 27 Oktober 2023

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Disalin..
IKLAN

Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

27/10/2023, 20.50 WIB

Melalui sambungan telepon, Naman Bayage menceritakan bahwa 23 orang dari 13 kampung di Yahukimo, Papua, meninggal dunia akibat kelaparan pada Oktober 2023.

Koordinator penanggulangan kelaparan dari Distrik Amuma tersebut mengatakan, tragedi kelaparan Papua sudah terjadi sejak Agustus yang menelan 6 korban jiwa, tetapi Oktober ini menyumbang angka yang paling tinggi.

Dia merincikan, dari 23 orang yang meninggal itu terdapat balita, anak-anak, hingga lansia. Sementara sebanyak 12.000 orang di distrik-distrik itu berpotensi terdampak.

Naman menyebut akar masalahnya adalah cuaca ekstrem, yakni hujan tiga bulan nonstop yang membuat gagal panen sehingga masyarakat kehabisan stok pangan.

"Penyebabnya itu musibah kelaparan karena tiga bulan berturut-turut hujan. Hujan membuat gagal panen, akhirnya masyarakat meninggal karena lapar," kata Naman kepada BBC Indonesia, Kamis (26/10/2023).

Akibat tragedi itu, Pemerintah Daerah (Pemda) Yahukimo menetapkan status tanggap darurat bencana sejak 21 Oktober hingga 1 November 2023. Pemerintah pusat juga mengirimkan sejumlah bantuan.

Setelah otonomi khusus pada 2001, bencana kelaparan terus berputar di tanah Papua. Databoks menghimpun korban meninggal sejak 2005 hingga 2023 dari berbagai sumber. Seperti yang ditampilkan pada grafik, korban meninggal tertinggi terjadi pada 2009 yang diestimasikan sebanyak 92 orang—yang juga berlangsung di Yahukimo.

Sejumlah ahli dan pemerhati lingkungan sepakat bahwa cuaca esktrem bukanlah faktor tunggal penyebab bencana kelaparan di Bumi Cenderawasih. Seperti yang disampaikan pengamat pertanian dari Universitas Papua, Mulyadi, kepada BBC Indonesia, ada faktor alam dan nonalam yang melatarbelakangi tragedi ini.

Faktor alam yang dimaksud Mulyadi melingkupi cuaca ekstrem, salah satunya embun beku dan hujan deras. Banyak sumber makanan warga rusak, gagal panen.

Sementara faktor nonalamnya terjadi karena manusia. Pertama, kata Mulyadi, sistem pertanian Papua yang tidak berkelanjutan.

“Sistem pertanian di Papua sangat rentan dan tidak berkelanjutan. Sistem pertaniannya subsisten, artinya bertani hanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sehari-hari, tidak dalam bentuk jangka panjang, atau berkelanjutan,“ kata Mulyadi.

Kedua, kondisi kesehatan masyarakat Papua yang begitu rentan. Diketahui, angka stunting di daerah tersebut menjadi salah satu yang tertinggi senasional.

(Baca juga: Daftar Prevalensi Balita Stunting di Indonesia pada 2022, Provinsi Mana Teratas?)

Mulyadi menjelaskan, stunting erat kaitannya dengan kesediaan pangan dan gizi, sehingga ketika sumber pangannya terganggu, berpotensi besar menimbulkan kelaparan parah. Kemiskinan yang tinggi juga memperburuk keadaan ini, sebab daya beli masyarakat terhadap bahan pangan terbatas.

Faktor nonalam ketiga adalah pembentukan daerah otonomi baru (DOB) di antaranya Papua Tengah dan Papua Pegunungan. Mulyadi menyebut banyak kasus kelaparan yang berasal dari dua provinsi ini.

“Provinsi baru itu menyebabkan sumber daya pemerintah lebih banyak diarahkan kepada pembangunan infrastruktur daerah baru, misalnya kantor-kantor. Tapi lupa bahwa kondisi ketahanan pangan, sistem pertanian yang tidak berkelanjutan, tidak diperhatikan,“ katanya.

Melansir Tirto.id, Juru Kampanye Hutan Papua Greenpeace Indonesia, Nicodemus Wamafma mengatakan faktor keamanan di wilayah Papua turut berpengaruh. Gejolak konflik membuat warga takut untuk berladang.

Selain itu Nico melihat, sistem pangan masyarakat pun berubah karena kebijakan tata kelola pangan lokal yang tidak berbasis kultur dan pola konsumsi masyarakat daerahnya. Sebab ini membuat stok bahan makanan mengalami pengurangan volume panen, serta jenis tanaman berkurang keanekaragamannya akibat adanya makanan instan.

Di samping itu, pemerintah justru enggan terburu-buru menyimpulkan kasus meninggal ini disebabkan kelaparan. Ini disampaikan oleh Menteri Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan (Menko PMK) Muhadjir Effendy, walaupun satu sisi tak menyangkal krisis pangan Papua terjadi akibat dampak gagal panen.

”Jadi kami belum bisa memastikan dia memang meninggal kelaparan. Artinya tidak ada kaitan, belum ada bukti bahwa itu ada kaitan langsung dengan kelaparan,“ kata Muhadjir seperti diwartakan BBC Indonesia.

Sebagai catatan, data yang ditampilkan dalam artikel ini merupakan kompilasi sehingga kemungkinan bisa bertambah atau lebih banyak dari yang disajikan.

(Baca juga: Angka Kelaparan Indonesia Masih Tergolong Tinggi di ASEAN)

IKLAN