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Banyak Anak Gaza yang Hidup dalam Depresi hingga Ketakutan pada 2022 | Databoks Home Banyak Anak Gaza yang Hidup dalam Depresi hingga Ketakutan pada 2022 Banyak Anak Gaza yang Hidup dalam Depresi hingga Ketakutan pada 2022 Proporsi Persepsi Anak Gaza Terhadap Kondisi yang Dialami/Dirasakan (2018-2022)* Sumber : Save The Children, Juni 2022
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
20/10/2023, 21.20 WIB
Organisasi internasional yang berfokus pada hak anak, Save the Children, menyurvei persepsi anak-anak Gaza, Palestina terhadap kondisi yang mereka alami pada 2022. Dari lima kondisi yang disurvei, yakni depresi, ketakutan, hingga kecemasan, seluruhnya naik signifikan bila dibandingkan dengan riset 2018.
Sebanyak 77% anak-anak merasa sedih dan depresi . Angka ini naik dari 2018 lalu yang sebesar 62%.
Perasaan berduka juga dialami oleh 78% anak-anak pada 2022. Proporsi ini naik dari 2018 lalu yang sebesar 55%.
Ketakutan dirasakan jauh lebih banyak, yakni 84% pada 2022. Sementara pada 2018, kondisi ini dirasakan 50% anak-anak.
Anak-anak Palestina juga merasakan tekanan menjadi tegang yang diakui 81% responden anak. Angka ini naik dari 2018 yang sebesar 58%.
Terakhir, sebanyak 80% anak-anak Palestina merasa cemas. Angka ini melonjak dari 2018 lalu yang sebesar 55%.
Save the Children menyebut penelitian kontinu ini menemukan bahwa hidup selama 15 tahun dalam kondisi ketidakstabilan dan ketidakpastian yang parah terus memberikan dampak serius dan merugikan terhadap kesehatan mental dan fisik anak-anak dan remaja di Gaza.
"Lebih banyak anak-anak dan remaja yang melaporkan sering atau terus-menerus merasa sedih, cemas, takut, dan mengalami gejala fisik tekanan emosional," tulis tim riset dalam laporan berjudul Trapped: The impact of 15 years of blockade on the mental health of Gaza’s children yang dipublikasikan Juni 2022.
Tim riset menjelaskan, pengalaman yang anak-anak laporkan diperkirakan terjadi dalam konteks paparan stres traumatis yang berkepanjangan. Kondisi diperparah karena tidak tersedianya dukungan sosial atau terlalu kewalahan untuk menahan kesusahan yang dirasakan anak-anak yang juga berdampak pada kesejahteraan mereka.
Tim riset menyebut, konsekuensi jangka panjang dari paparan stres traumatis mencakup masalah kesehatan fisik dan mental, termasuk kecemasan, depresi, penyakit kardiovaskular, dan gangguan fungsi kekebalan tubuh.
"Stres akut melemahkan perkembangan otak, yang juga dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan anak untuk belajar, berkembang, belajar secara produktif, dan membangun serta memelihara hubungan yang sehat," kata tim riset.
Riset kuantitatif dilakukan pada Maret hingga April 2022. Riset kuantitatif ini diperkuat dengan penelitian kualitatifnya.
Sebanyak 560 kuesioner kesejahteraan anak atau psikososial diisi oleh anak-anak, remaja, dan pengasuh di lima daerah, yakni Gaza Utara, Gaza, Gaza Tengah, Khan-Younis, dan Rafah. Sampel dipilih secara acak di antara anak-anak dan pengasuh mereka yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan, perdesaan, pengungsian, dan daerah dengan akses terbatas.
Survei kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap 400 anak usia 12–17 tahun dengan komposisi 48% perempuan dan 52% laki-laki. Survei juga menyasar 160 orang tua dan pengasuh, terdiri dari 50% perempuan, 50% laki-laki.
Sementara riset kuantitatif 2018 dilakukan terhadap 300 anak-anak Gaza.
Selanjutnya untuk riset kualitatif 2022, dilakukan dengan wawancara sebanyak 12 sesi terhadap delapan anak dan empat pengasuh. Ada pula 10 sesi focus group discussion (FGD) yang dilakukan dengan 80 anak berusia antara 12 dan 17 tahun, 40% di antaranya adalah perempuan.
Wawancara dilakukan terhadap sepuluh informan kunci, termasuk dengan spesialis DKJPS, serta organisasi masyarakat sipil dan internasional terkait yang bekerja di lapangan.
(Baca juga: Lebih dari Separuh Orang Dewasa di Palestina Menderita Depresi )