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Gap Suku Bunga Acuan BI dan The Fed Makin Tipis, Apa Dampaknya? | Databoks Home Gap Suku Bunga Acuan BI dan The Fed Makin Tipis, Apa Dampaknya? Gap Suku Bunga Acuan BI dan The Fed Makin Tipis, Apa Dampaknya? Pergerakan Suku Bunga BI dan The Fed (Januari 2020-September 2023) Sumber : The Federal Reserve, Bank Indonesia (BI), September-Oktober 2023
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
13/10/2023, 13.51 WIB
Jarak suku bunga acuan Bank Indonesia (BI) dengan suku bunga acuan bank sentral Amerika Serikat (AS), The Federal Reserve atau The Fed, semakin tipis.
BI sendiri mempertahankan suku bunga acuan BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR) di level 5,75% dalam Rapat Dewan Gubernur (RDG) pada 20-21 September 2023. Seiring dengan itu, suku bunga deposit facility tetap di level 5% dan suku bunga lending facility tetap 6,5%.
BI menyebut keputusan mempertahankan suku bunga acuan ini sebagai konsistensi kebijakan moneter untuk memastikan inflasi tetap terkendali.
Sementara The Fed masih menahan suku bunga acuannya di kisaran 5,25%-5,5% pada September 2023. The Fed sendiri menaikkan suku bunga terakhir pada Juli 2023.
Melihat kedua suku bunga acuan kedua bank sentral ini, maka spread atau gap perbedaan di kisaran 0,25%.
Melansir Kontan.co.id , Associate Director of Research and Investment Pilarmas Investindo Sekuritas, Maximilianus Nico Demus menyoroti spread antara suku bunga acuan BI dan The Fed yang semakin tipis.
Pada 2020, spread mencapai sekitar 4,25%, lalu bergerak makin menipis lagi dengan titik stabil pada jarak 3,25%. Nico melihat penurunan spread sempat didorong menguatnya fundamental Indonesia.
Namun hal lain yang dilihat Nico, secara peringkat Indonesia masih di level BBB, sedangkan peringkat AS ada di posisi AAA.
"Ketika spread di antara keduanya mengecil atau bahkan tidak ada jarak, investor akan memilih negara dengan peringkat AAA sebagai tujuan investasinya," kata Nico kepada Kontan.co.id , Minggu (20/8/2023).
Spread yang hanya 0,25% bukan tidak mungkin terpangkas lagi menjadi 0%. Terlebih, The Fed masih berpotensi menaikkan lagi suku bunganya dalam beberapa waktu mendatang, sebab pada Agustus 2023 laju inflasi tahunan AS naik ke level 3,7%, jauh dari target The Fed yang mematok sasaran inflasi di level 2%.
Nico membeberkan, akibat dari jarak yang makin menipis adalah capital outflow berpotensi semakin deras. Kondisi ini bisa menyeret pelemahan nilai tukar rupiah maupun Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG).
Sementara itu, Ekonom Senior Anny Ratnawati juga melihat potensi The Fed kembali mengerek suku bunga acuan 25 basis poin (bps) pada akhir Oktober 2023. Namun, Anny memilih untuk melihat interest riilnya.
Melansir tayangan CNBC Indonesia , Anny menjelaskan, suku bunga acuan BI sebesar 5,75%. Sedangkan inflasi Indonesia pada September 2023 tercatat sebesar 2,28% secara tahunan (year-on-year/yoy ). Jika keduanya dihitung, masih punya selisih hampir 3,5%.
Sementara The Fed yang menetapkan suku bunga acuan tertinggi 5,5%, dikurangi inflasi tahunan Agustus 2023 sebesar 3,7%, punya selisih 1,8%.
"Kalau bicara riil, kita masih menarik untuk investor, hanya betul tadi ada risiko pelemahan rupiah karena akan memengaruhi 3,5% selisih antara suku bunga acuan BI dengan inflasi, dikurangi premi risiko," kata Anny pada sesi wawancara Selasa (10/10/2023).
Anny melihat masih ada ruang untuk BI. Dia hanya mewanti-wanti seluruh kebijakan yang akan diambil harus terkoordinasi dan diefektifkan dengan lembaga lainnya yang berkaitan, sehingga pergerakan kurs masih di level aman atau tidak terlalu lompat.
"Warning saya, titip betul akhir tahun (2023) ada potensi. Pembayaran utang dan bunga utang, impor, dan lainnya mohon dicek jangan sampai tiba-tiba lompat sehingga membebani demand dan pergerakan (rupiah) bisa jauh di atas yang kita bayangkan pelemahannya. Karena dunia sebenarnya mengalami pelemahan dari sisi mata uang, tidak hanya Indonesia," kata dia.
(Baca juga: BI Kembali Tahan Suku Bunga Acuan 5,75% pada September 2023 )
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