A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-pilkada-madani

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2126

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2126
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2129

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2129
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: id-tagdata-ekonomi-sawit

Filename: controllers/Datapublish.php

Line Number: 2132

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/apps/databoks_2/modules/datapublish/controllers/Datapublish.php
Line: 2132
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/ci-databoks-v4/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

Resmi Bangkrut, Rasio Utang Pemerintah Ghana Tembus 98,7% PDB pada 2023 | Databoks
IKLAN

Resmi Bangkrut, Rasio Utang Pemerintah Ghana Tembus 98,7% PDB pada 2023

Rasio Utang Kotor Pemerintah Ghana Terhadap PDB (2010-2023)*

Sumber : International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2023

katadata logo databoks logo
Disalin..
IKLAN

Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

29/9/2023, 18.31 WIB

Presiden Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo secara resmi menyatakan negaranya bangkrut. Ini ditandai dengan pilihan terakhir yang bisa diambil Nana, yakni menyetujui pinjaman US$3 miliar dari Dana Moneter Internasional (International Monetary Fund/IMF).

Data yang diambil dari IMF pada Jumat (29/9/2023) menunjukkan, rasio utang kotor pemerintah Ghana terhadap produk domestik bruto (PDB) bahkan sudah tembus 98,7%. IMF pun melaporkan, PDB Ghana mencapai US$66,62 miliar atau Rp1.030 triliun pada data terakhir April 2023.

Melansir CNBC Indonesia, pengamat pasar modal Yanuar Rizky menyebut bahwa garis aman rasio utang standar internasional adalah sebesar 60% dari PDB.

Jika dilihat pada grafik, proporsi utang pada 2023 ini menjadi yang tertinggi selama sedekade terakhir. Sementara pada 2011 rasio utang tercatat yang paling rendah, yakni 31,3% terhadap PDB.

Rasio utang meningkat signfikan pada 2019-2020, yakni dari 58,3% menjadi 72,3% terhadap PDB. Setelah 2020, proporsi utang konsisten meningkat.

Di samping tumpukan utang, Ghana juga tercatat memiliki inflasi yang tinggi. Dari laporan Kementerian Keuangan Ghana yang ditulis Kumparan.com pada Selasa (26/9/2023), inflasi sepanjang 2023 selalu di atas 40%. Tertinggi terjadi pada Januari 2023 yang tembus 54%.

Sementara itu, suku bunga acuan pun melonjak dari 14% pada Desember 2021 menjadi 27% pada Desember 2022.

Melansir New York Times (NYT), pemerintah Ghana gagal membayar utang hingga miliaran dolar kepada pemberi pinjaman asing pada Desember 2022. Krisis ini juga disebabkan oleh pandemi Covid-19, dampak invasi Rusia ke Ukraina, dan harga pangan dan bahan bakar yang lebih tinggi.

Ini yang membuat Nana mengambil pilihan terakhir dari IMF. Sumber dana itu merupakan pinjaman ke-17 yang diambil secara terpaksa setelah negara tersebut merdeka pada 1957.

Namun NYT melihat siklus krisis dan dana talangan yang cukup kompleks ini memang telah menjangkiti puluhan negara miskin dan berpendapatan menengah di seluruh Afrika, Amerika Latin, dan Asia selama beberapa dekade terakhir.

NYT menyebut IMF menyusun rencana penyelamatan untuk Ghana agar negara ini dapat bangkit kembali. Di antaranya mengekang utang dan pengeluaran, meningkatkan pendapatan dan melindungi masyarakat termiskin. Rencana itu berjalan seiring dengan negosiasi Accra dengan kreditor asing.

(Baca juga: Inflasi Sentuh 124,4% per Agustus 2023, Argentina di Ambang Kebangkrutan)

IKLAN