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Sekitar 5% Rumah Tangga RI Masih Buang Air Besar Sembarangan | Databoks Home Sekitar 5% Rumah Tangga RI Masih Buang Air Besar Sembarangan Sekitar 5% Rumah Tangga RI Masih Buang Air Besar Sembarangan Persentase Rumah Tangga Indonesia yang Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (2011-2021) Sumber : Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes), 2023
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
20/9/2023, 15.20 WIB
Masyarakat Indonesia yang buang air besar sembarangan terus berkurang dari tahun ke tahun. Namun, perilaku tidak sehat itu belum hilang sepenuhnya sampai sekarang.
Hal ini tercatat dalam Laporan Tahunan 2022, Stop Buang Air Besar Sembarangan di Indonesia dari Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes).
Menurut data Kemenkes, pada 2011 persentase rumah tangga yang buang air besar sembarangan (BABS) di Indonesia mencapai 19,39%.
Kemudian di tahun-tahun berikutnya angkanya terus turun, hingga menjadi 5,69% pada 2021.
Angka BABS ini dihitung dari proporsi rumah tangga yang tidak memiliki toilet, atau memiliki toilet tapi tidak menggunakannya.
Adapun perilaku BABS mengindikasikan bahwa sebagian masyarakat belum memiliki akses sanitasi yang aman untuk kesehatan.
"WHO memprediksi bahwa akses sanitasi yang tidak aman bertanggung jawab terhadap kematian lebih dari 400.000 orang di seluruh dunia setiap tahun," kata Kemenkes dalam laporannya.
"Jika tinja mampu dikelola dengan aman dari sumbernya, maka kecil kemungkinan terjadinya penyakit-penyakit terkait, seperti diare, tifoid, disentri, dan lainnya," lanjutnya.
(Baca: Diare Penyebab Utama Kematian Anak di Indonesia pada 2019 )
Menurut Kemenkes, persoalan BABS yang belum tuntas ini terkait dengan kurangnya inisiatif pemerintah daerah untuk pembangunan sanitasi, kurangnya inovasi skema pendanaan sanitasi, kolaborasi lintas sektor yang belum optimal, atau ketiadaan peraturan pendukung/pelaksana di level pemerintah daerah.
"Isu sanitasi telah menjadi isu global dan masuk dalam Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. Indonesia sendiri menargetkan 0% buang air besar sembarangan (BABS) dan 15% akses sanitasi aman pada 2024," kata Kemenkes dalam laporannya.
"Melihat hal tersebut, diperlukan pemantauan rutin mengenai pencapaian akses sanitasi aman dan stop buang air besar yang ada di Indonesia," lanjutnya.
Kemenkes menyatakan, strategi peningkatan akses sanitasi aman perlu memperhatikan tiga hal, yaitu penciptaan permintaan akan sanitasi, peningkatan penyediaan sanitasi, dan penciptaan lingkungan yang kondusif dan suportif.
"Perlu diingat bahwa memiliki jamban saja tidak cukup, tetapi perlu dipastikan bahwa masyarakat benar-benar berperilaku BAB tidak sembarangan," kata Kemenkes.
"Kesadaran akan perilaku sehat ini masih menjadi kendala di banyak tempat, yang bisa saja dipengaruhi oleh faktor budaya atau kepercayaan setempat," lanjutnya.
(Baca: Ini Proporsi Rumah Tangga yang Memiliki Akses Sanitasi Layak pada 2021 )