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Perempuan RI Lebih Banyak Alami Gangguan Kesehatan Mental Daripada Laki-laki | Databoks Home Perempuan RI Lebih Banyak Alami Gangguan Kesehatan Mental Daripada Laki-laki Perempuan RI Lebih Banyak Alami Gangguan Kesehatan Mental Daripada Laki-laki Prevalensi Gangguan Kesehatan Mental RI Berdasarkan Gender (2019)* Sumber : Our World In Data,
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
18/9/2023, 13.18 WIB
Perempuan Indonesia lebih banyak terkena gangguan kesehatan mental daripada laki-laki. Ini selaras dengan data yang dihimpun oleh Our World in Data 2019.
Our World in Data mengumpulkan sedikitnya 5 gangguan kesehatan mental, di antaranya gangguan kecemasan, depresi, bipolar, skizofrenia, hingga perilaku makan.
Untuk gangguan kecemasan atau anxiety disorder , prevalensi laki-laki Indonesia sebesar 2,7% pada 2019. Sementara perempuannya lebih tinggi, yakni 4,5%.
Kementerian Kesehatan (Kemenkes ) menjelaskan, penderita gangguan ini akan merasa khawatir, ketakutan, panik yang cukup kuat sehingga mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari bahkan membuat kelelahan.
Selanjutnya, prevalensi gangguan depresi laki-laki Indonesia sebesar 2%. Sementara perempuannya lebih tinggi, yakni 2,9%.
Depresi, kata Kemenkes, adalah perasaan sedih yang mendalam disertai demotivasi, badan mulai lelah, pola tidur dan makan berubah, tidak fokus, sampai ada keinginan untuk bunuh diri.
(Baca juga: Memahami Depresi Postpartum yang Dirasakan Para Ibu Setelah Melahirkan )
Sementara gangguan bipolar, prevalensi laki-laki Indonesia sebesar 0,33%. Proporsinya sama dengan perempuan.
Kemenkes menjelaskan, bipolar adalah gangguan mental yang ditandai dengan perubahan emosi yang drastis. Misalnya, dari rasa gembira yang membuncah tiba-tiba menjadi depresi yang parah.
Kemudian ada skizofrenia, dengan prevalensi 0,31% untuk laki-laki. Pada gangguan ini, proporsi perempuan lebih rendah, yakni 0,27%.
Kemenkes menjelaskan, skizofrenia disebut gangguan realitas yang dicirikan dengan halusinasi, pembicaraan yang tidak nyambung, mereasa berbeda, dan disertai perilaku agresif berbahaya seperti merusak dan melukai orang lain.
Terakhir, gangguan perilaku makan atau eating disorder dengan prevalensi sebesar 0,09% untuk laki-laki dan 0,13% untuk perempuan Indonesia.
Melansir Hello Sehat, gangguan ini ditandai dengan pola makan yang tidak sehat atau wajar yang mengganggu tubuh mendapatkan gizi bahkan menggangggu emosional serta mental penderitanya.
Gangguan ini terdiri dari anoreksia nervosa (enggan makan takut berat badan naik); bulimia nervosa (banyak makan tetapi memuntahkan); binge-eating disorder (berlebihan makan tak terkendali); ruminasi (berulang kali memuntahkan makanan yang belum dicerna sempurna); avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (menghindari makanan dengan karakteristik sensorik tertentu); dan pica (tidak layak makan).
Our World in Data mengatakan, kesehatan mental yang buruk memengaruhi kesejahteraan, kemampuan untuk bekerja, dan hubungan dengan teman, keluarga, dan masyarakat secara umum.
"Diperkirakan 1 dari 3 wanita dan 1 dari 5 pria akan mengalami depresi berat dalam hidupnya. Kondisi lain, seperti skizofrenia dan gangguan bipolar, lebih jarang terjadi namun masih berdampak besar pada kehidupan masyarakat," tulis Our World in Data dalam lamannya.
(Baca juga: Hanya Sedikit Masyarakat Indonesia yang Berkonsultasi ke Profesional Saat Menangani Gejala Gangguan Kesehatan Mental )
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