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Riwayat Tutupan Pohon Hutan Dunia yang Hilang Akibat Terbakar 21 Tahun Terakhir | Databoks
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Riwayat Tutupan Pohon Hutan Dunia yang Hilang Akibat Terbakar 21 Tahun Terakhir

Luas Tutupan Pohon Dunia yang Hilang Akibat Kebakaran (2001-2022)

Sumber : World Resource Institute (WRI), 29 Agustus 2023

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

13/9/2023, 14.29 WIB

Kebakaran hutan semakin meluas. Pernyataan ini ditegaskan oleh World Resources Institute (WRI), yang menyebut bencana tersebut membakar hampir dua kali lebih banyak tutupan pohon saat ini, dibandingkan 21 tahun lalu.

Laporan yang belum lama dikeluarkan WRI merupakan hasil olahan data penelitian terbaru dari peneliti Universitas Maryland. Tim riset WRI menghitung bahwa kebakaran hutan kini menyebabkan hilangnya tutupan pohon sebesar 3 juta hektare lebih banyak per tahun dibandingkan 2001, atau luasnya kira-kira sebesar Belgia.

Jika dilihat dari trennya, luas tutupan pohon yang hilang karena kebakaran mencapai 2,52 juta hektare pada 2001. Meski tahun-tahun berikutnya berfluktuasi, luas tutupan pohon yang terbakar selalu melebihi luas pada 2001.

Menginjak 2011, luas yang terbakar menjadi 4,2 juta hektare. Kebakaran melahap begitu banyak tutupan pohon setelah tahun tersebut dan konsisten di atas 4 juta hektare per tahun. Bahkan yang terbesar mencapai 9,61 juta pada 2016, menjadi angka tertinggi selama 21 tahun terakhir.

(Baca juga: 10 Desa yang Terindikasi Kehilangan Tutupan Pohon Terluas Buntut Food Estate)

Luas terbakar paling besar selanjutnya terjadi pada 2021, menghanguskan tutupan pohon hingga 9,34 juta hektare. WRI mengakui tahun tersebut menjadi yang terburuk. Sementara pada 2022, lahan yang terbakar mengalami penyusutan.

"Meskipun turun dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya, lebih dari 6,7 juta hektare tutupan pohon hilang akibat kebakaran hutan pada 2022, serupa dengan tahun-tahun lainnya dalam satu dekade terakhir," tulis WRI dalam laporannya.

Pada 2023 ini, luas lahan yang terbakar masih dihitung. Namun WRI mengatakan, dunia telah menyaksikan peningkatan aktivitas kebakaran, apalagi rekor baru karena kebakaran hebat di Kanada dan Hawaii.

Data yang dilampirkan hanya yang berelasi dengan kebakaran hutan. Selain kebakaran hutan, WRI menghitung tutupan pohon yang hilang akibat non-kebakaran, misalnya karena pembukaan lahan untuk aktivitas lain dan penebangan, serta kerusakan alami akibat angin dan kelokan sungai.

WRI memberi catatan, rata-rata pergerakan tiga tahun mungkin mewakili gambaran tren data yang lebih akurat karena ketidakpastian dalam perbandingan tahun ke tahun. Semua angka dihitung dengan kepadatan kanopi tutupan pohon minimal 30%.

(Baca juga: Indonesia Kehilangan 27,7 Juta Hektare Tutupan Pohon dalam 2 Dekade)

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