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Membaca Ketimpangan Ekonomi Jawa Barat Selama Dipimpin Ridwan Kamil, Ada Perubahan? | Databoks
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Membaca Ketimpangan Ekonomi Jawa Barat Selama Dipimpin Ridwan Kamil, Ada Perubahan?

Tingkat Ketimpangan Pengeluaran atau Rasio Gini Jawa Barat Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Daerah (Maret 2018-Maret 2023)

Sumber : BPS Jawa Barat, 31 Agustus 2023

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

11/9/2023, 16.00 WIB

Ridwan Kamil melepas jabatannya sebagai Gubernur Jawa Barat pada 5 September 2023 lalu setelah lima tahun memimpin daerah tersebut. Berbagai program kerja dijalankan guna mengatasi sejumlah masalah di Jawa Barat.

Salah satu masalah terbesar Jawa Barat adalah ketimpangan sosial dan ekonomi. Ini disampaikan oleh Emil, sapaan eks gubernur itu, pada awal menjabat. Dia pun mempertegas tugasnya mengurangi ketimpangan tersebut melalui sejumlah program dan inovasi.

"Tugas kita 5 tahun ke depan adalah mengurangi ketimpangan caranya hidup harus adil, yang susah kita tolong yang maju harus memberikan dukungan," kata Emil dalam rapat konsolidasi Tim Penggerak Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (TP PKK), Bandung, Jumat (30/11/2018), dikutip dari Tempo.co.

Pengentasan ketimpangan dan kemiskinan masuk dalam program Emil selama menjabat, sebut saja BUMDes Juara, bantuan sosial untuk orang  miskin, hingga beasiswa pendidikan untuk golongan ekonomi lemah (golekmah), dan program lainnya.

Lantas, apakah ketimpangan ekonomi atau pengeluaran penduduk Jawa Barat sudah mengalami penurunan selama lima tahun terakhir?

Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Jawa Barat, tingkat ketimpangan yang diukur melalui rasio Gini sebesar 0,407 poin pada Maret 2018. Berdasarkan klasifikasi daerahnya, perkotaan menyentuh 0,418 poin sedangkan perdesaan sebesar 0,322.

Selanjutnya pada September 2018-2019 tingkat ketimpangan secara kumulatif sebenarnya cenderung menurun seperti terlihat pada grafik. Namun pada Maret 2021 kembali meningkat, menjadi 0,412 poin. Kenaikan ini cukup besar bila dibandingkan periode perhitungan sebelumnya.

Setelah itu, tingkat ketimpangan berfluktuasi. Peningkatan tertajam justru terjadi pada masa akhir jabatan Emil, yakni Maret 2023 sebesar 0,425 poin. Dari angka itu, perkotaan menyumbang angka yang cukup besar, yakni sebesar 0,439 poin, sementara desa 0,321 poin.

Jika dilihat secara tren, ketimpangan di Jawa Barat lebih tinggi terjadi di perkotaan. Angkanya konsisten di atas 0,4 poin, sementara perdesaan di atas 0,3 poin.

BPS Jawa Barat menyebut, rasio Gini didasarkan pada kurva Lorenz, yaitu kurva pengeluaran kumulatif yang membandingkan distribusi dari nilai pengeluaran konsumsi dengan distribusi uniform yang mewakili persentase kumulatif penduduk.

Nilai rasio Gini berskala 0-1 poin. Semakin tinggi angkanya atau mendekati 1, semakin tinggi ketimpangannya. Adapun kategori ketimpangan sebagai berikut:

  • Ketimpangan rendah: 0-0,3 poin
  • Ketimpangan sedang: 0,3-0,5 poin
  • Ketimpangan tinggi: >0,5 poin.

(Baca juga: Ridwan Kamil Lengser, Bagaimana Kondisi Pengangguran di Jawa Barat?)

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