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Amerika Serikat, Negara dengan Pengeluaran Kesehatan Terbesar di Dunia | Databoks
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Amerika Serikat, Negara dengan Pengeluaran Kesehatan Terbesar di Dunia

10 Negara dengan Pengeluaran Kesehatan per Kapita Terbesar di Dunia (2022)

Sumber : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2023

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

11/9/2023, 16.40 WIB

Amerika Serikat (AS) memiliki rata-rata pengeluaran kesehatan per kapita terbesar di skala global, dan hal ini dipengaruhi oleh mahalnya layanan medis di negeri mereka.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) menghitung estimasi pengeluaran kesehatan (health spending) di 50 negara dengan rumus paritas daya beli atau purchasing power parity (PPP), supaya nilainya bisa diperbandingkan antarnegara.

Health spending yang dihitung OECD mencakup seluruh nilai belanja barang dan jasa kesehatan, baik layanan medis untuk perorangan (seperti pengobatan, pemulihan, dan belanja produk medis), serta layanan kesehatan masyarakat (seperti program pencegahan penyakit dan lain-lainnya).

OECD kemudian menghitung akumulasi pengeluaran kesehatan baik yang ditanggung negara, asuransi pemerintah/swasta, maupun yang ditanggung langsung oleh pribadi/rumah tangga.

Dengan metode perhitungan tersebut, sepanjang tahun 2022 rata-rata pengeluaran kesehatan di AS diperkirakan mencapai US$12.555 per kapita, paling tinggi di antara 50 negara yang diriset.

Adapun estimasi rata-rata pengeluaran kesehatan Indonesia pada 2022 hanya US$405 per kapita, peringkat kedua terendah dari 50 negara.

(Baca: BPJS Kesehatan Kucurkan Rp24 Triliun untuk Penyakit Katastropik pada 2022)

Menurut tim peneliti dari Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, besarnya pengeluaran kesehatan per kapita AS dipengaruhi oleh harga obat-obatan yang mahal, gaji dokter dan perawat yang tinggi, serta besarnya biaya administrasi rumah sakit.

Adapun tingginya pengeluaran itu tidak berbanding lurus dengan kesehatan masyarakatnya.

Tim peneliti The Commonwealth Fund menyatakan, banyak penduduk AS yang kondisi kesehatannya buruk dan tidak mampu menjangkau layanan medis.

"AS adalah negara yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan universal. AS memiliki angka harapan hidup yang rendah dibanding negara maju lain, serta angka kematian tinggi karena kondisi yang sebenarnya dapat dihindari atau diobati," kata tim peneliti The Commonwealth Fund dalam laporan U.S. Health Care from a Global Perspective (Januari 2023).

"Keterjangkauan harga adalah alasan utama yang membuat sebagian penduduk AS tidak mendaftar program jaminan kesehatan. Harga yang tinggi juga menyebabkan hampir separuh orang dewasa usia kerja di AS melewatkan atau menunda mendapatkan layanan kesehatan yang mereka butuhkan," lanjutnya.

(Baca: Kasus Penyakit Katastropik di Indonesia Meningkat pada 2022)

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