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Adu Kekuatan Ekonomi, Militer, hingga Pengaruh Budaya AS vs Tiongkok, Siapa Unggul? | Databoks
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Adu Kekuatan Ekonomi, Militer, hingga Pengaruh Budaya AS vs Tiongkok, Siapa Unggul?

Skor Sektor Ekonomi, Militer, hingga Pengaruh Budaya Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok Versi Lowy Institute (2023)

Sumber : Lowy Institute, 2023

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

1/9/2023, 07.10 WIB

Lembaga think tank Lowy Institute memberi skor penilaian sejumlah sektor, mulai kekuatan ekonomi, militer, hingga pengaruh budaya terhadap dua negara besar, Amerika Serikat (AS) dan Tiongkok pada 2023.

Dalam laporan daring Lowy Institute Asia Power Index 2023 Edition, sedikitnya ada 8 sektor yang dinilai oleh lembaga tersebut.

Untuk sektor kemampuan ekonomi, Lowy memberi AS nilai 88 poin dari 100. Capaian ini berbeda tipis dari Tiongkok yang mendapat 87 poin.

Adapun indikator sektor ekonomi tersusun dari pendapatan negara berdasarkan paritas daya beli PDB; jejaring internasional untuk peningkatan kekuasaan finansial, hukum, dan sanksi di luar negeri; teknologi; dan arus modal serta sarana fisik.

Sementara sektor kekuatan militer, AS jauh lebih unggul dengan skor 90,7 poin sedangkan Tiongkok 68,1 poin. Indikator militer terdiri dari kekuatan militer konvensional; alokasi keuangan untuk pertahanan; prajurit atau SDM; senjata; kemampuan, taktik, dan strategi perang.

(Baca juga: Negara-negara dengan Skor Kekuatan Militer Terbaik pada 2023)

Selanjutnya, kemampuan resiliensi, untuk AS 83,3 poin dan Tiongkok sebesar 70,4 poin. Indikator resiliensi di antaranya kestabilan internal; sumber keamanan, utamanya energi; keamanan geoekonomi dan geopolitik.

Kemudian sektor sumber daya masa depan, AS mendapat 75,9 poin, tak jauh dengan Tiongkok yang mendapat 72,9 poin. Indikator sektor ini terdiri dari sumber ekonomi 2030; sumber pertahanan 2030; hingga demografi 2050.

Untuk sektor hubungan ekonomi, kali ini Tiongkok meroket dengan nilai 98,3 poin, berjarak tebal dengan AS yang hanya memperoleh 53,7 poin. Indikator sektor ini adalah hubungan perdagangan dan investasi regional, serta diplomasi ekonomi.

Sektor jejaring pertahanan, AS tetap unggul dengan nilai 84,6 poin. Torehan ini jauh mengangkangi Tiongkok yang hanya mendapat 23,7 poin. Indikatornya yakni aliansi dan diplomasi pertahanan, serta kemitraan pertahanan global.

Namun untuk urusan pengaruh diplomasi, Tiongkok justru mengantongi poin lebih besar, yakni 91,5 poin. Sementara AS hanya 89,3 poin. Sektor ini disusun dari jaringan diplomasi; kekuatan multilateral; kebijakan luar negeri.

Terakhir, pengaruh budaya, AS menang dengan torehan 80,9 poin sementara Tiongkok 47,4 poin. Indikatornya, proyeksi budaya; arus informasi yang berkembang; serta pertukaran atau hubungan orang di sejumlah daerah negara itu.

Sektor yang lebih banyak dimenangkan AS adalah pertahanan dan keamanan. Beda hal dengan Tiongkok yang lebih unggul dalam hubungan ekonomi dan diplomasi internasional.

Secara keseluruhan, AS mendapat 80,7 poin. Sementara Tiongkok mengantongi 72,5 poin.

"Amerika Serikat peringkat 1 dari 26 kekuatan secara komprehensif, dengan keseluruhan skor 80,7 dari 100. Tiongkok peringkat 2 dari 26 kekuatan komprehensif, dengan skor 72,5," tulis Lowy Institute dalam lamannya.

(Baca juga: Indonesia Lebih Banyak Terpapar Pengaruh Tiongkok daripada Amerika Serikat)

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