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Selain Jepang, Ini Negara yang Menyimpan Banyak Limbah Nuklir | Databoks
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Selain Jepang, Ini Negara yang Menyimpan Banyak Limbah Nuklir

Proyeksi Volume Simpanan Limbah Nuklir di Sejumlah Negara (2030)

Sumber : International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 2022

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

31/8/2023, 19.00 WIB

Jepang tengah menjadi sorotan masyarakat internasional, setelah mereka membuang limbah nuklir ke laut pada Agustus 2023.

Limbah yang dibuang itu berupa air bekas pendingin reaktor pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir (PLTN) Fukushima Daiichi milik Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco).

(Baca: Kontroversi Limbah Nuklir, Negara Mana yang Gemar Impor Ikan dari Jepang?)

Sebelumnya, pada Maret 2011 PLTN Fukushima Daiichi mengalami kerusakan akibat bencana tsunami. Sejak saat itu, reaktor nuklirnya harus didinginkan melalui pemompaan air secara terus-menerus.

Air pendingin reaktor itu pun terkontaminasi oleh zat radioaktif dan kian menumpuk di tangki penyimpanan limbah Tepco. Saat ini total volumenya dikabarkan sudah mencapai 1,3 juta meter kubik.

Menurut Reuters, air limbah nuklir Tepco sudah mulai dibuang ke laut pada Kamis (24/8/2023), dengan volume pembuangan awal 7.800 meter kubik atau sekitar 3 kali lipat volume kolam renang Olimpiade.

Adapun menurut International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), air limbah itu sudah diolah terlebih dulu sebelum dibuang dengan metode Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPS), sehingga kontaminasi radioaktifnya memenuhi standar aman untuk manusia dan lingkungan.

"Para ahli dari IAEA hadir di lapangan untuk menjadi mata bagi masyarakat internasional, memastikan bahwa pembuangan limbah nuklir Jepang dilakukan sesuai rencana dan konsisten dengan standar keselamatan IAEA," kata Direktur Jenderal IAEA Rafael Mariano Grossi dalam siaran persnya, Kamis (24/8/2023).

"Dengan kehadiran kami, IAEA berkontribusi dalam membangun keyakinan bahwa proses tersebut dilakukan dengan cara yang aman dan transparan," katanya lagi.

(Baca: Jepang, Negara Produsen Energi Nuklir Terbesar ke-8 di Dunia)

Selain Jepang, ada negara-negara lain yang menyimpan limbah nuklir dengan berbagai level kontaminasi radioaktif. Namun, hingga saat ini belum ada informasi tentang pembuangannya.

Prancis, misalnya. IAEA memproyeksikan pada 2030 Prancis akan memiliki simpanan limbah nuklir dengan volume total 476.700 meter kubik, terdiri dari:

  • Limbah dengan level kontaminasi radioaktif tinggi (high level waste): 5.700 meter kubik
  • Limbah kontaminasi menengah (intermediate level waste): 161.000 meter kubik
  • Limbah kontaminasi rendah (low level waste): 110.000 meter kubik
  • Limbah kontaminasi sangat rendah (very low level waste): 200.000 meter kubik

Kemudian Jerman, Lituania, Swedia, Italia, Slovakia, Meksiko, dan Spanyol juga diproyeksikan akan menumpuk limbah nuklir, sampai volumenya mencapai kisaran 10.000-170.000 meter kubik pada 2030.

Rincian volume dan level kontaminasi limbah dari negara-negara tersebut bisa dilihat pada pada grafik di atas.

Namun, IAEA belum menghitung proyeksi limbah dari negara-negara produsen energi nuklir terbesar dunia, seperti Amerika Serikat (AS), Tiongkok, Rusia, Korea Selatan, dan Kanada.

(Baca: 10 Tambang Uranium Terbesar, Nomor Satu di Kanada)

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