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Netizen Suka Sebut Konoha-Wakanda, Apa Demokrasi Indonesia Memburuk? | Databoks Home Netizen Suka Sebut Konoha-Wakanda, Apa Demokrasi Indonesia Memburuk? Netizen Suka Sebut Konoha-Wakanda, Apa Demokrasi Indonesia Memburuk? Indeks Demokrasi Indonesia Versi EIU (2006-2022)* Sumber : Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), 2023
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat
Editor: Adi Ahdiat
30/8/2023, 17.00 WIB
Bakal calon presiden Anies Baswedan menilai kondisi demokrasi Indonesia saat ini tidak sehat.
Menurut Anies, hal itu tercermin dari gaya perbincangan netizen atau pengguna media sosial yang kerap menyebut nama-nama fiktif saat mengkritik pemerintah Indonesia.
(Baca: Mayoritas Negara ASEAN Cacat Demokrasi, Sisanya Otoriter )
"Kita menyaksikan kalau di sosial media banyak sekali yang mau tulis (mengkritik pemerintah) itu nyebutnya Konoha, Wakanda, apa artinya? Ini menunjukkan ada self censorship ," kata Anies dalam acara Kuliah Kebangsaan FISIP UI di Depok, Selasa (29/8/2023).
Konoha adalah nama desa rekaan dalam kisah animasi Naruto , sedangkan Wakanda adalah negara karangan dalam film Black Panther .
Anies menilai, nama-nama itu digunakan netizen sebagai kata ganti "Indonesia" karena adanya ketakutan dalam mengkritik pemerintah.
"Ini tanda-tanda (demokrasi) yang tidak sehat. Ada dua sistem di dunia ini, demokratik dan non-demokratik. Non-demokratik pilarnya adalah fear , rasa takut, yang demokratik pilarnya adalah trust (rasa percaya)," kata Anies.
"Ketika kita dalam demokrasi dan ada fear , sesungguhnya ini tanda-tanda yang tidak sehat, karena itu harus dikembalikan," katanya lagi.
(Baca: Pemimpin Taat Beragama dan Cerdas Kurang Diminati Anak Muda )
Menurut Indeks Demokrasi versi Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), demokrasi Indonesia memang tergolong cacat (flawed democracy ).
Sejak 2006 EIU rutin menilai kondisi demokrasi di 165 negara berdasarkan lima indikator besar, yaitu proses pemilu dan pluralisme politik, tata kelola pemerintahan, tingkat partisipasi politik masyarakat, budaya politik, dan kebebasan sipil.
Hasil penilaiannya kemudian dirumuskan menjadi indeks berskala 0-10. Semakin tinggi skornya, maka kualitas demokrasi suatu negara diasumsikan semakin baik.
EIU juga mengelompokkan skor indeks tersebut menjadi empat jenis demokrasi, yaitu:
Skor indeks >8: demokrasi penuh (full democracy ) Skor indeks >6 sampai ≤8: demokrasi cacat (flawed democracy ) Skor indeks >4 sampai ≤6: demokrasi hibrida (hybrid regime ) Skor indeks ≤4: otoriter (authoritarian ) Menurut metode penilaian tersebut, indeks demokrasi Indonesia selama era pemerintahan Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) cenderung meningkat, dari 6,41 (tahun 2006) menjadi 6,97 (tahun 2014).
Kemudian di awal pemerintahan Presiden Jokowi skornya turun jadi 6,39 (tahun 2015), dan perlahan naik lagi hingga mencapai 6,71 (tahun 2022).
Kendati angkanya berubah, sepanjang era SBY dan Jokowi skor indeks demokrasi Indonesia sama-sama masih berada di kategori demokrasi cacat (flawed democracy ), kondisinya tidak membaik atau memburuk signifikan.
Adapun pada 2022 Indonesia meraih skor cukup baik dalam hal proses pemilu dan pluralisme politik (7,92), tata kelola pemerintahan (7,86), serta partisipasi politik (7,22).
Tapi, nilai Indonesia rendah dalam hal kebebasan sipil (6,18) dan budaya politik (4,38).
EIU menilai skor kebebasan sipil dari berbagai variabel, seperti tingkat kebebasan pers, kebebasan berserikat, kebebasan berpendapat di muka umum, pembatasan akses konten di internet, sampai toleransi umat beragama.
Sedangkan skor budaya politik dinilai dari variabel-variabel seperti keyakinan masyarakat terhadap demokrasi, preferensi masyarakat terhadap kepemimpinan tokoh militer atau teknokrat, sampai pemisahan kekuasaan antara negara dan agama.
(Baca: Daftar Isu yang Paling Diperhatikan Anak Muda dalam Pemilu 2024, Kesejahteraan Teratas )
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