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Melihat Ramalan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi BRICS 2023-2024, Siapa Terbesar? | Databoks
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Melihat Ramalan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi BRICS 2023-2024, Siapa Terbesar?

Proyeksi Perubahan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Tahunan Negara BRICS 2023-2024 Menurut IMF (Juli 2023)

Sumber : International Monetary Fund (IMF), Juli 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

30/8/2023, 16.42 WIB

Sejumlah negara berkembang membentuk kekuatan baru yang tergabung dalam BRICS. Kelompok ini terdiri dari Brasil, Rusia, India, Tiongkok, dan Afrika Selatan.

Melansir Katadata, kelompok yang diprakarsai Rusia pada 2006 lalu ini memiliki sejumlah agenda besar untuk mengimbangi hegemoni Amerika Serikat (AS). Bahkan Duta Besar Afrika Selatan untuk Asia Anil Sooklal dan para pejabatnya berharap BRICS bisa menjadi pemimpin bagi negara-negara berkembang.

Salah satu isu besar yang dibawa BRICS adalah wacana pengeluaran alat pembayaran baru, yang menjadi satu dari sekian cara melawan dominasi dolar AS atau disebut dedolarisasi.

Di luar dari isu tersebut, sebenarnya bagaimana proyeksi pertumbuhan ekonomi negara kelompok BRICS?

Dari data proyeksi yang dibuat oleh International Monetary Fund (IMF), India menjadi negara dengan proyeksi pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap PDB terbesar dalam BRICS.

Pada 2023 ini, ekonomi India diproyeksikan tumbuh 6,1% secara tahunan (year-on-year/yoy). Sementara pada 2024 pun ekonominya diprediksi menguat sebesar 6,3% (yoy).

IMF mengatakan proyeksi ekonomi di India mencerminkan momentum pertumbuhan yang lebih kuat dari perkiraan pada kuartal IV 2022, utamanya dari hasil investasi domestik yang lebih menggeliat.

Terbesar selanjutnya adalah Tiongkok yang diproyeksikan mencapai 5,2% (yoy) pada 2023 ini. Namun, IMF memproyeksikan adanya penurunan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara tersebut pada 2024, menjadi 4,5% (yoy).

Kendati menurun, IMF memberi catatan adanya perubahan komposisi dalam ekonomi makro Negeri Tirai Bambu tersebut, yakni berkembangnya pertumbuhan konsumsi sejalan dengan proyeksi WEO April 2023.

"Tetapi investasi berkinerja buruk karena penurunan real estat yang sedang berlangsung di negara itu. Ekspor yang lebih kuat dari perkiraan telah mengimbangi beberapa pelemahan investasi, meskipun kontribusinya menurun seiring dengan perlambatan ekonomi global," tulis IMF dalam laporan World Economic Outlook (WEO) Update, Juli 2023.

Selanjutnya, ekonomi Brasil diproyeksikan tumbuh 2,1% (yoy) pada 2023. Adapun proyeksi 2024 justru melemah menjadi 1,2% (yoy).

Rusia, penggerak kelompok ini, diprediksi hanya tumbuh 1,5% (yoy) pada 2023. IMF juga menilai bakal ada pelemahan pertumbuhan ekonomi Rusia pada 2024 yang menjadi 1,3% (yoy).

Adapun kawasan yang paling kecil proyeksi pertumbuhannya yakni Afrika Selatan, sebesar 0,3% (yoy) pada 2023. Namun IMF melihat ada resiliensi dari aktivitas jasa di kawasan ini, sehingga pertumbuhan ekonomi diprediksi meningkat menjadi 1,7% (yoy) pada 2024.

Menerima anggota baru

Katadata mewartakan, BRICS sepakat menerima enam anggota baru untuk bergabung. Keenam negara yang masuk adalah Arab Saudi, Argentina, Ethiopia, Iran, Mesir, dan Uni Emirat Arab.

Kesepakatan ini diputuskan dalam Konferensi Tingkat Tinggi BRICS di Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan pada Kamis (24/8/2023). Para pemimpin kelompok tersebut membuka perluasan anggota untuk mempercepat upaya merombak tatanan dunia yang dianggap ketinggalan zaman.

“Perluasan keanggotaan ini bersejarah,” kata Presiden Cina Xi Jinping seperti dikutip dari Reuters, Jumat (25/8/2023).

Presiden Afrika Selatan Cyril Ramaphosa mengatakan enam kandidat baru akan secara resmi menjadi anggota pada 1 Januari 2024.

(Baca juga: Sesuai Ramalan IMF, Ekonomi Indonesia Tumbuh 5,31% pada 2022)

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