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Indonesia, Negara Pemberi Subsidi LPG Terbesar ke-4 di Dunia | Databoks
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Indonesia, Negara Pemberi Subsidi LPG Terbesar ke-4 di Dunia

10 Negara dengan Subsidi LPG Terbesar di Dunia (2022)

Sumber : International Monetary Fund (IMF), Agustus 2023

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

29/8/2023, 19.10 WIB

Menurut International Monetary Fund (IMF), nilai subsidi liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) secara global mencapai US$157,16 miliar pada 2022.

Angka itu terdiri dari "subsidi eksplisit" senilai US$41,82 miliar dan "subsidi implisit" US$115,34 miliar.

(Baca: Subsidi LPG Meningkat pada 2022, Rekor Tertinggi Sedekade)

Subsidi eksplisit adalah insentif langsung dari pemerintah yang membuat harga jual bahan bakar di tingkat eceran lebih murah dibanding harga pasokannya.

Sedangkan subsidi implisit adalah insentif tidak langsung, seperti keringanan pajak konsumsi, pembebasan pajak lingkungan bagi pengguna/industri bahan bakar fosil, dan sebagainya.

Pada 2022 Tiongkok menjadi negara dengan subsidi LPG terbesar di dunia yang nilainya US$54,89 miliar, terdiri dari subsidi eksplisit US$7,12 miliar dan subsidi implisit US$47,77 miliar.

Sementara Indonesia berada di peringkat ke-4 global. Menurut IMF, sepanjang 2022 nilai subsidi LPG di Indonesia mencapai US$8,47 miliar, terdiri dari subsidi eksplisit US$3,69 miliar dan subsidi implisit US$4,77 miliar.

Adapun kini IMF mendorong negara-negara untuk mengevaluasi kebijakan subsidi energi fosil, demi mengurangi pencemaran udara dan mengantisipasi krisis iklim.

"Penghapusan subsidi eksplisit untuk bahan bakar fosil, serta penerapan pajak korektif seperti pajak karbon, bisa mengurangi emisi karbon dioksida (CO2) global hingga 43% pada 2030," kata tim riset IMF dalam laporan IMF Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data: 2023 Update.

Sejalan dengan itu, pemerintah Indonesia pun berencana memangkas subsidi LPG tabung 3 kilogram (kg) mulai tahun depan.

"Nantinya, mulai 1 Januari 2024, hanya yang telah terdata saja yang boleh membeli LPG 3 kg," kata tim Kementerian ESDM dalam siaran pers di situs resminya (9/6/2023).

(Baca: Pemerintah Pangkas Anggaran Subsidi LPG pada 2024)

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