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Melihat Tren Luas Hutan Indonesia Terhadap Daratan Selama 21 Tahun Terakhir | Databoks Home Melihat Tren Luas Hutan Indonesia Terhadap Daratan Selama 21 Tahun Terakhir Melihat Tren Luas Hutan Indonesia Terhadap Daratan Selama 21 Tahun Terakhir Tren Kawasan Hutan Terhadap Luas Daratan Indonesia Versi World Bank (1999-2020) Sumber : World Bank, 2020
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
25/7/2023, 19.04 WIB
Bank Dunia atau World Bank menampilkan tren proporsi area hutan Indonesia terhadap luas daratannya dari tahun ke tahun. Data ini diolah World Bank dari Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian (FAO).
Selama lebih dari dua dekade, proporsi area hutan terhadap daratan kerap menurun. Kenaikan sempat terjadi hanya sekali, yakni pada 2015-2016.
Pada 2015, luas hutan terhadap daratan mencapai 50,6%. Angkanya naik tipis menjadi 50,7% pada 2016. Setelah 2016, angkanya turun kembali.
Penurunan paling signifikan terjadi pada1999-2000. Proporsi luas hutan terhadap daratan mencapai 56,9% pada 1999, turun drastis menjadi 53,9%. Ini menjadi penurunan paling signifikan dalam kurun setahun, selama 1990-2020.
Sepanjang 2001-2010, luas hutan terlihat konstan di atas 53% dari luas daratan. Namun, luas itu tetap mengalami penurunan tipis, 0,1% setiap tahunnya. Setelahnya turun cukup besar, yakni 53,1%, pada 2010 menjadi 52,6% pada 2011.
Pada perkembangan terakhir versi World Bank, proporsi kawasan hutan mencapai 49,1% dari luas daratan pada 2020.
World Bank menyebut, data mencakup area dengan bambu dan palem; jalan hutan, sekat bakar/pemecah api dan area terbuka kecil lainnya; hutan di taman nasional, cagar alam dan kawasan lindung lainnya termasuk untuk kepentingan ilmiah hingga spiritual; penahan angin hingga koridor pepohonan dengan luas lebih dari 0,5 hektar dan lebar lebih dari 20 meter; perkebunan yang terutama digunakan untuk tujuan kehutanan atau perlindungan.
Data tidak termasuk tegakan pohon dalam sistem produksi pertanian, seperti perkebunan buah dan sistem agroforestri. Kawasan hutan juga tidak termasuk pepohonan di taman dan kebun kota.
Sementara total luas daratan tidak termasuk badan air pedalaman seperti sungai besar dan danau.
Indikator perhitungannya dengan membagi total luas hutan suatu negara dengan total luas daratan negara tersebut, dan dikalikan dengan 100. World Bank menyebut, perubahan proporsi dihitung untuk mengidentifikasi tren.
World Bank juga memberi catatan bahwa variasi dari tahun ke tahun mungkin disebabkan oleh data yang diperbarui atau direvisi dari perubahan wilayah.
Dalam konteks yang lebih luas, perhitungan kawasan hutan penting dilakukan untuk mengambil langkah antisipasi terhadap peningkatan ancaman terhadap keanekaragaman hayati .
"Deforestasi merupakan penyebab utama hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, dan konservasi habitat sangat penting untuk membendung hilangnya ini," kata World Bank dalam laman resminya.
World Bank juga menjelaskan, hutan menutupi sekitar 31% dari total luas daratan dunia. Sementara total luas hutan dunia hanya lebih dari 4 miliar hektar.
"Lebih dari sepertiga dari seluruh hutan adalah hutan primer, yaitu hutan spesies asli di mana tidak ada indikasi aktivitas manusia yang terlihat jelas dan proses ekologi tidak terganggu secara signifikan," kata World Bank.
(Baca juga: Luas Hutan Indonesia Berkurang Hampir Sejuta Hektare dalam 5 Tahun )
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