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Berapa Jarak yang Dibutuhkan Kereta Api untuk Berhenti? | Databoks
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Berapa Jarak yang Dibutuhkan Kereta Api untuk Berhenti?

Simulasi Jarak yang Dibutuhkan Kereta Api untuk Berhenti Berdasarkan Kecepatan Laju (21 Juli 2023)*

Sumber : Kereta Api Indonesia ( KAI ), PT (Persero), 21 Juli 2023

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Penulis: Cindy Mutia Annur

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

24/7/2023, 14.01 WIB

Tragedi dua tabrakan kereta api di Semarang dan Bandar Lampung pada Selasa (18/7/2023) menuai beragam respons dari publik. Salah satunya terkait sistem pengereman di transportasi kereta api.

PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) tau KAI pun menjelaskan alasan kereta api tidak dapat berhenti mendadak ketika dihadapkan dengan situasi genting untuk menghindari tabrakan.

VP Public Relations KAI Joni Martinus mengatakan, kereta api merupakan jenis transportasi yang melakukan proses pengereman dengan membutuhkan jarak tertentu sebelum benar-benar berhenti.

Menurut Joni, kereta api memiliki karakteristik yang secara teknis tidak dapat dilakukan pengereman secara mendadak, seperti transportasi darat pada umumnya.

“Untuk itu, kami mengimbau masyarakat agar lebih waspada dan berhati-hati sebelum melewati perlintasan sebidang,” kata Joni dalam siaran pers, Jumat (21/7/2023).

Selain itu, Joni mengatakan, ada sejumlah faktor yang menyebabkan kereta api tidak dapat mengerem mendadak. Di antaranya, faktor panjang dan berat rangkaian kereta api serta sistem pengereman.

Pengereman yang dipakai pada kereta api di Indonesia pada umumnya menggunakan sistem jenis rem udara. Cara kerjanya adalah dengan mengompresi udara dan disimpan hingga proses pengereman terjadi.

“Walaupun kereta api telah dilengkapi dengan rem darurat, rem ini tetap tidak bisa berhenti mendadak. Rem ini hanya menghasilkan lebih banyak energi dan tekanan udara yang lebih besar untuk menghentikan kereta lebih cepat,” kata Joni.

Sementara itu, terdapat faktor yang berpengaruh pada jarak pengereman, yakni:

  • Kecepatan kereta api. Semakin tinggi kecepatan kereta api, maka semakin panjang jarak pengereman.
  • Kemiringan/lereng (gradient) jalan rel (datar, menurun, atau tanjakan).
  • Persentase pengereman yang diindikasikan dengan besarnya gaya rem.
  • Jenis kereta api (kereta penumpang/barang).
  • Jenis rem (blok komposit/blok besi cor).
  • Kondisi cuaca.
  • Faktor teknis lainnya.

Joni mengatakan, rem pada rangkaian kereta api bekerja dengan tekanan udara. Sistem kinerja rem pada roda dihubungkan ke piston dan susunan silinder. Mekanisme yang mengurangi tekanan udara di kereta api akan memaksa rem mengunci dengan roda.

Jika tekanan dilepaskan secara tiba-tiba, menurut dia akan menyebabkan pengereman yang tidak seragam, sehingga rem bekerja lebih dulu dari titik keluarnya udara.

“Pengereman yang tidak seragam dapat menyebabkan kereta atau gerbong tergelincir, terseret, bahkan terguling,” kata Joni.

Lantas, berapa rerata jarak yang dibutuhkan kereta api untuk berhenti?

Berikut adalah simulasi berdasarkan wilayah Daerah Operasi 8 Surabaya:

  • Jika kereta melaju 120 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 800 meter
  • Jika kereta melaju 110 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 750 meter
  • Jika kereta melaju 100 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 505 meter
  • Jika kereta melaju 90 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 480 meter
  • Jika kereta melaju 80 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 379 meter
  • Jika kereta melaju 70 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 336 meter
  • Jika kereta melaju 60 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 221 meter
  • Jika kereta melaju 50 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 157 meter
  • Jika kereta melaju 45 km/jam, maka dapat berhenti setelah jarak 132 meter

(Baca: Daftar 10 Kereta Api Jarak Jauh dengan Waktu Tempuh Lebih Cepat per 1 Juni 2023, Apa Saja?)

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