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Ketimpangan Ekonomi di Indonesia Meningkat pada Maret 2023 | Databoks
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Ketimpangan Ekonomi di Indonesia Meningkat pada Maret 2023

Tren Ketimpangan Pengeluaran/Rasio Gini Indonesia Berdasarkan Daerah (Maret 2017-Maret 2023)

Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 17 Juli 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

18/7/2023, 14.00 WIB

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) menghitung ketimpangan pengeluaran atau ekonomi penduduk Indonesia yang diukur menggunakan rasio Gini. Angkanya mencapai 0,388 poin dari skala 0-1 poin pada Maret 2023.

Angka itu meningkat 0,007 poin bila dibandingkan rasio Gini September 2022 yang sebesar 0,381. Rasio Gini Maret 2023 juga lebih tinggi 0,004 poin dibandingkan torehan Maret 2022 lalu yang sebesar 0,384 poin.

Jika dilihat berdasarkan daerah, 'penyumbang' peningkatan rasio Gini di Indonesia berasal dari perkotaan. Nilainya sebesar 0,409 poin pada Maret 2023.

Angka itu naik 0,007 poin dibanding September 2022 yang sebesar 0,402. Rasio Gini perkotaan Maret 2023 juga naik 0,006 poin dibanding kondisi Maret 2022 yang sebesar 0,403 poin.

Sementara itu, rasio Gini di perdesaan tercatat konstan selama September 2022 dan Maret 2023, dengan nilai 0,313 poin. Angka itu justru turun 0,001 poin dibandingkan kondisi Maret 2022 yang sebesar 0,314 poin.

(Baca juga: Kemiskinan dan Ketimpangan Sosial Jadi Masalah Paling Dikhawatirkan di Indonesia)

BPS menyebut, secara nasional, angka rasio Gini terus mengalami penurunan sejak Maret 2017 sampai September 2019.

"Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa selama periode tersebut terjadi perbaikan pemerataan pengeluaran penduduk di Indonesia," tulis BPS dalam laporan Tingkat Ketimpangan Pengeluaran Penduduk Indonesia Maret 2023.

Namun demikian, sambung BPS, pada masa pandemi Covid-19, angka rasio Gini mengalami kenaikan pada Maret 2020 dan September 2020. Setelah 2020, angka gini rasio mengalami fluktuasi seperti terlihat pada grafik.

Nilai rasio Gini atau koefisien Gini diukur pada skala 0 hingga 1 poin. Melansir laman Bappenas, rasio Gini bernilai 0 poin menunjukkan kesetaraan sempurna, yang berarti seluruh penduduk memiliki pengeluaran per kapita yang sama.

Sedangkan koefisien Gini bernilai 1 poin menunjukkan ketimpangan sempurna. Hal itu menggambarkan, hanya satu penduduk saja yang memiliki pengeluaran per kapita dan yang lainnya tidak sama sekali.

"Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi koefisien Gini, semakin tinggi tingkat ketimpangan suatu daerah," tulis Bappenas dalam laman resminya.

(Baca juga: Yogyakarta, Provinsi dengan Ketimpangan Tertinggi pada September 2022)

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