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10 Negara Berkembang dengan Nilai Investasi Energi Terbarukan Tertinggi, Indonesia Masuk Daftar | Databoks Home 10 Negara Berkembang dengan Nilai Investasi Energi Terbarukan Tertinggi, Indonesia Masuk Daftar 10 Negara Berkembang dengan Nilai Investasi Energi Terbarukan Tertinggi, Indonesia Masuk Daftar Nilai Proyek Investasi Energi Terbarukan dari 10 Negara Berkembang Teratas (2015-2022)* Sumber : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2022
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
10/7/2023, 20.10 WIB
Konferensi PBB terkait Perdagangan dan Pembangunan (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development/UNCTAD) mengatakan, investasi energi terbarukan meningkat hampir tiga kali lipat karena Perjanjian Paris atau Paris Agreement pada 2015 lalu.
Namun, UNCTAD menyebut, sebagian besar uang mengalir ke negara-negara maju. Sementara negara berkembang masih membutuhkan sekira US$1,7 triliun untuk setiap tahun untuk mengembangkan investasi energi terbarukan.
"Ini termasuk untuk jaringan listrik, jalur transmisi, dan penyimpanan. Mereka (negara berkembang) hanya menarik sekitar US$544 miliar pada 2022," tulis UNCTAD dalam laporannya.
Laporan UNCTAD juga menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 30 negara berkembang masih belum mendaftarkan proyek investasi internasional yang besar dalam energi terbarukan.
Namun, UNCTAD juga menyebut sebagian besar dari 10 negara berkembang dengan tingkat investasi internasional tertinggi dalam energi terbarukan, berinvestasi di sektor itu dari sebagian kecil total investasi asing langsung (FDI) yang mereka terima.
"Modal merupakan penghalang utama untuk investasi energi di negara berkembang, yang dipandang lebih berisiko. Kemitraan antara investor internasional, sektor publik, dan lembaga keuangan multilateral dapat sangat mengurangi biaya modal," kata UNCTAD.
UNCTAD menghimpun 10 negara berkembang yang dinilai memberikan investasi terbesar untuk energi terbarukan. Nilai ini dihimpun dari 2015 hingga 2022.
Urutan pertama Brasil dengan nilai proyek investasi sebesar US$114,8 miliar. UNCTAD menyebut, Brasil memiliki pangsa energi terbarukan 32% dari total nilai proyek energi terbarukan.
Kedua, Vietnam dengan nilai US$106,8 miliar. Adapun proporsi pangsa diproyeksikan mencapai 31%.
Ketiga, Chili, dengan nilai US$84,6 miliar dan proporsinya mencapai 54%. Keempat, India, dengan nilai investasi sebesar US$77,7 miliar dan proporsinya mencapai 14%.
Kelima, Kazakhstan dengan nilai investasinya sebesar US$56,3% dan proporsinya 31%. Setelahnya disusul Taiwan, dengan nilai investasi US$48,7 miliar dan proporsi pangsanya mencapai 63%. Ini menjadi proporsi pangsa yang paling besar di antara 10 negara berkembang ini.
Indonesia sendiri di posisi sembilan, dengan nilai investasi sebesar US$36,7 miliar. Adapun share investasi dari total nilai proyeknya adalah 11%—menjadi yang paling kecil di antara 10 negara berkembang ini.
UNCTAD menambahkan, meskipun sebagian besar negara berkembang telah menetapkan target untuk beralih ke sumber energi berkelanjutan, hanya sepertiga dari mereka yang mengubah target tersebut menjadi informasi persyaratan investasi.
"Laporan tersebut menyoroti pentingnya menurunkan modal untuk investasi energi bersih di negara berkembang dan lebih mendukung mereka dalam perencanaan investasi dan persiapan proyek," kata UNCTAD.
Berikut nilai dan proporsi share atau pangsa dari total investasi untuk energi terbarukan dari 10 negara berkembang:
Brasil US$114,8 miliar, proporsi 32% Vietnam US$106,8 miliar, proporsi 31% Chili US$84,6 miliar, proporsi 54% India US$77,7 miliar, proporsi 14% Kazakhstan US$56,3 miliar, proporsi 31% Taiwan US$48,7 miliar, proporsi 48,7% Mesir US$45,8 miliar, proporsi 14% Meksiko US$37,8 miliar, proporsi 13% Indonesia US$36,7 miliar, proporsi 11% Maroko US$29,7 miliar, proporsi 34% Catatan: termasuk pembiayaan proyek internasional dan nilai investasi greenfield.
(Baca juga: Nilai Investasi Energi Bersih Global Diprediksi Capai US$1,74 Triliun pada 2023, Ini Rinciannya )