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Ekspor Nikel Indonesia Meroket pada 2022, Rekor Tertinggi Sedekade | Databoks
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Ekspor Nikel Indonesia Meroket pada 2022, Rekor Tertinggi Sedekade

Volume dan Nilai Ekspor Nikel Indonesia (2013-2022)

Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Februari 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

6/7/2023, 14.20 WIB

Menurut data Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), sepanjang 2022 Indonesia melakukan ekspor nikel sebanyak 777,4 ribu ton, meningkat 367% dibanding setahun sebelumnya (year-on-year/yoy).

Nilai total ekspor nikel Indonesia pada 2022 juga melonjak 369% (yoy) menjadi USD 5,97 miliar. Angka-angka tersebut merupakan rekor tertinggi dalam sedekade terakhir, seperti terlihat pada grafik di atas.

Sepanjang 2022, Indonesia paling banyak mengekspor nikel ke Tiongkok, dengan pengiriman sebanyak 661,7 ribu ton.

Pembeli terbesar berikutnya adalah Jepang, Korea Selatan, Malaysia, Norwegia, India, Singapura, Hong Kong, Belgia, dan Timor Leste.

(Baca: 85% Ekspor Nikel Indonesia Dikirim ke Tiongkok pada 2022

Menurut Menteri Perdagangan Zulkifli Hasan, melonjaknya kinerja ekspor nikel Indonesia pada 2022 terjadi berkat kebijakan pelarangan ekspor bijih nikel mentah.

Pemerintah Indonesia melarang ekspor bijih nikel mentah sejak 1 Januari 2020. Sejak saat itu, yang boleh diekspor hanyalah nikel yang sudah melalui proses pengolahan, sehingga harganya menjadi lebih mahal.

"Nikel begitu dilarang (ekspor bijih mentahnya), punya nilai tambah yang luar biasa. Ekspor olahan nikel tumbuh sangat tinggi. Perbandingan produk-produk yang memiliki nilai tambah dengan yang tidak memiliki nilai tambah sangat terlihat sekali," kata Zulkifli Hasan dalam konferensi pers awal tahun ini (2/1/2023).

Bukan hanya mengerek perdagangan, pelarangan ekspor bijih nikel mentah juga turut mengundang aliran investasi asing ke sektor pengolahan nikel di Indonesia.

Hal tersebut diungkapkan International Monetary Fund (IMF) dalam IMF Country Report No. 23/221 yang dirilis pekan lalu (25/6/2023).

"Sejak larangan ekspor (bijih nikel mentah) diberlakukan, investasi asing langsung (foreign direct investment) ke Indonesia secara keseluruhan berjalan dengan baik. Realisasi investasi asing di Indonesia meningkat 47 persen pada 2022, dipimpin oleh sektor-sektor yang terkait dengan hilirisasi, dengan hampir setengah dari peningkatan tersebut berasal dari investasi Tiongkok dan Hong Kong," kata IMF dalam laporannya.

"Apalagi beberapa investor asing sudah membangun smelter di Sulawesi Tengah dan Maluku Utara. Realisasi investasi smelter nikel dan bauksit selama 2021-2022 (di Indonesia) masing-masing telah mencapai USD 5,5 miliar dan USD 3 miliar," lanjutnya.

Namun, kini IMF meminta Indonesia untuk melonggarkan pembatasan ekspor bijih mineral mentah, termasuk nikel.

"Kebijakan industri harus dirancang sedemikian rupa sehingga tidak menghambat persaingan dan inovasi, serta meminimalkan dampak negatif untuk negara lain (cross border spillovers). Dalam konteks ini, pihak berwenang (Indonesia) harus mempertimbangkan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dalam produksi, dengan menghapus secara bertahap pembatasan ekspor dan tidak memperluas pembatasan untuk komoditas lain," kata IMF.

(Baca: Ini Pulau Indonesia yang Kaya Cadangan Nikel)

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