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Indonesia Jadi Negara Menengah-Atas Lagi, Ini Tren GNI per Kapitanya Sejak 1969 | Databoks
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Indonesia Jadi Negara Menengah-Atas Lagi, Ini Tren GNI per Kapitanya Sejak 1969

Tren Gross National Income/GNI per Kapita (1969-2022)

Sumber : World Bank, 30 Juni 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Cindy Mutia Annur

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

5/7/2023, 16.59 WIB

Indonesia kembali masuk ke daftar negara berpendapatan menengah-atas (upper-middle income) pada 2022.

Menurut data terbaru Bank Dunia, pendapatan nasional bruto alias Gross National Income (GNI) per kapita Indonesia sebesar US$4.580 pada 2022 atau naik sekitar 9,8% secara tahunan (year-on-year/yoy).

Sementara kategori baru yang dirilis Bank Dunia, negara berpendapatan menengah-atas memiliki GNI per kapita sebesar US$4.466-US$13.845. Rentang itu naik dibandingkan sebelumnya yang sebesar US$4.256-US$13.205.

"El Salvador, Indonesia, serta wilayah Tepi Barat dan Gaza semuanya sangat dekat dengan ambang pendapatan menengah atas pada 2021, sehingga dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tidak terlalu tinggi pada 2022 sudah cukup membawa perekonomian tersebut pada kategori ini," kata Bank Dunia dikutip dari lamannya, Jumat (30/6/2023).

Selain itu, Bank Dunia juga mengatakan bahwa perubahan kategori pendapatan Indonesia terjadi karena perekonomian nasional tumbuh 5,3% (yoy) pada 2022.

Sebelumnya Indonesia sudah pernah masuk kelompok negara menengah-atas pada 2019. Namun, pandemi Covid-19 membuat Indonesia kembali turun ke kategori menengah-bawah (lower-middle income) selama dua tahun berturut-turut.

Meskipun berhasil kembali masuk ke daftar negara berpendapatan menengah-atas, namun level pendapatan per kapita Indonesia saat ini masih jauh untuk mencapai target negara berpendapatan tinggi yang mencapai di atas US$13.845.

Adapun secara tren, GNI per kapita Indonesia cenderung terus meningkat selama lebih dari lima dekade terakhir. Hal ini terlihat seperti grafik di atas.

Bank Dunia mengklasifikasikan negara berdasarkan GNI per kapita penduduk yaitu negara penghasilan rendah, menengah, dan tinggi. Berikut adalah batasan kategori negara berdasarkan pendapatan menurut Bank Dunia per 1 Juli 2023:

  • Negara pendapatan rendah memiliki pendapatan per kapita US$1.135 ke bawah, ambang batas ini naik dari sebelumnya US$1.085.
  • Negara pendapatan menengah bawah memiliki pendapatan per kapita US$1.136-4.465, ambang batas ini naik dari sebelumnya US$1.086-4.255
  • Negara pendapatan menengah atas memiliki pendapatan per kapita US$4.466-13.845, ambang batas ini naik dari sebelumnya US$4.256-13.205
  • Negara pendapatan tinggi memiliki pendapatan per kapita di atas US$13.845, ambang batas ini naik dari sebelumnya US$13.205.

(Baca: Indonesia Naik Kelas Jadi Negara Menengah-Atas, Peringkat Berapa di Asia Tenggara?)

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