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Indonesia Naik Kelas Jadi Negara Menengah-Atas, Peringkat Berapa di Asia Tenggara? | Databoks
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Indonesia Naik Kelas Jadi Negara Menengah-Atas, Peringkat Berapa di Asia Tenggara?

Gross National Income/GNI per Kapita Negara Asia Tenggara (2022)

Sumber : World Bank, 30 Juni 2023

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Disalin..
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Penulis: Cindy Mutia Annur

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

4/7/2023, 15.10 WIB

Indonesia naik kelas menjadi negara berpendapatan menengah-atas (upper-middle income) pada 2022 berdasarkan data terbaru Bank Dunia.

Pada tahun sebelumnya, Indonesia masih tergolong negara berpendapatan menengah-bawah (lower-middle income).

Menurut data Bank Dunia, pada 2022 pendapatan nasional bruto alias Gross National Income (GNI) per kapita Indonesia naik sekitar 9,8% secara tahunan (year-on-year/yoy), yaitu menjadi US$4.580. Pada 2021, GNI per kapita nasional masih US$4.170.

Bank Dunia mengatakan, Indonesia dan sejumlah wilayah negara lain seperti El Savador, serta Tepi Barat dan Gaza memiliki GNI per kapita yang sangat dekat dengan ambang pendapatan menengah-atas pada 2021.

Dengan demikian, pertumbuhan produk domestik bruto (PDB) yang rendah pada 2022 sudah cukup untuk membawa perekonomian negara-negara tersebut ke dalam kategori menengah-atas.

Bank Dunia juga menyebut, perubahan kategori pendapatan Indonesia terjadi karena perekonomian nasional tumbuh 5,3% (yoy) pada 2022.

(Baca: Masih Jadi Negara Menengah ke Bawah, Berapa GNI Indonesia pada 2021?)

Meski naik kelas, GNI per kapita Indonesia pada 2022 justru turun menjadi peringkat ke-5 di Asia Tenggara. Pada tahun sebelumnya, GNI per kapita Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-4 di kawasan ini.

Posisi puncak ditempati oleh Singapura dengan GNI per kapita US$67.200 pada 2022. Kemudian, Brunei Darussalam di posisi ke-2 dengan GNI per kapita sebesar US$31.410, diikuti Malaysia US$11.780, dan Thailand US$7.230.

Di bawah Indonesia, ada Vietnam dan Filipina dengan GNI per kapita masing-masing sebesar US$4.010 dan US$3.950. Sementara itu, di urutan paling akhir ada  Myanmar dengan GNI per kapita US$1.210.

Berdasarkan klasifikasi Bank Dunia, mayoritas negara di Asia Tenggara masuk kategori berpendapatan menengah ke bawah. Hal ini dikarenakan GNI per kapitanya berada di kisaran US$1.136 sampai US$4.465.

Pengecualian terjadi pada Singapura dan Brunei Darussalam yang masuk kategori negara berpendapatan tinggi (high income) dengan GNI per kapita di atas US$13.845.

Sementara, Malaysia, Thailand, dan Indonesia masuk ke kategori negara berpendapatan menengah-atas dengan GNI per kapita di kisaran US$4.466 sampai US$13.845.

Berikut perbandingan GNI per kapita negara-negara Asia Tenggara pada 2022:

  • Singapura: US$67.200 (pendapatan tinggi)
  • Brunei Darussalam: US$31.410 (pendapatan tinggi)
  • Malaysia: US$11.780 (pendapatan menengah-atas)
  • Thailand: US$7.230 (pendapatan menengah-atas)
  • Indonesia: US$4.580 (pendapatan menengah-atas)
  • Vietnam: US$4.010 (pendapatan menengah-bawah)
  • Filipina: US$3.950(pendapatan menengah-bawah)
  • Laos: US$2.360 (pendapatan menengah-bawah)
  • Timor Leste: US$1.970 (pendapatan menengah-bawah)
  • Kamboja: US$1.700 (pendapatan menengah-bawah)
  • Myanmar: US$1.210 (pendapatan menengah-bawah)

(Baca: Daftar PDRB per Kapita di Seluruh Provinsi Indonesia pada 2022, DKI Jakarta Tetap Jadi yang Tertinggi)

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