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Indonesia Jadi Penghasil Bauksit Terbesar ke-5 Global pada 2022 | Databoks
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Indonesia Jadi Penghasil Bauksit Terbesar ke-5 Global pada 2022

Volume Produksi Bauksit Global (2022)

Sumber : United States Geological Survey (USGS), Januari 2023

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

9/6/2023, 14.02 WIB

United States Geological Survey (USGS) memperkirakan volume produksi bauksit global pada 2022 mencapai 380 juta metrik ton kering.

Pada 2022 Australia menjadi negara penghasil bauksit terbesar, dengan volume produksi sekitar 100 juta metrik ton kering.

Sementara Indonesia berada di peringkat ke-5 global, dengan volume produksi bauksit sekitar 21 juta metrik ton kering.

Negara-negara lain yang masuk ke daftar penghasil bauksit terbesar adalah Tiongkok, Guinea, Brasil, India, Rusia, Arab Saudi, Kazakhstan, Jamaika, dan Vietnam, dengan rincian seperti terlihat pada grafik.

Namun, data ini belum mencakup produksi bauksit dari Amerika Serikat (AS). USGS menyatakan angka produksi AS masih dirahasiakan untuk kepentingan perusahaan-perusahaan terkait.

(Baca: Stok Bauksit dan Nikel RI Cukup untuk Produksi 100 Tahun Lebih)

Bauksit merupakan bahan mentah untuk membuat aluminium, logam ringan yang bisa dipadatkan hingga keras seperti baja, tahan korosi, dan bisa menjadi penghantar listrik yang baik.

Aluminium kemudian menjadi bahan baku penting untuk beragam industri, mulai dari otomotif, perlengkapan rumah tangga, sampai teknologi panel surya.

Adapun mulai Juni 2023 Indonesia akan melarang ekspor bauksit. Menurut Plt. Direktur Jenderal Mineral dan Batu Bara (Minerba) Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) Muhammad Wafid, rencana itu akan dijalankan mulai besok.

"Ya (rencana pelarangan ekspor bijih bauksit) tetap on. Kalau kebijakan itu memang harus (dijalankan) tanggal 10 (Juni 2023)," kata Muhammad Wafid kepada Detik.com, Kamis (8/6/2023).

Pemerintah melarang ekspor komoditas ini untuk mendorong perkembangan industri pengolahan bauksit di dalam negeri. Namun, menurut Menteri ESDM Arifin Tasrif, saat ini pembangunan fasilitas pengolahan atau smelter bauksit di Indonesia belum optimal.

Arifin menyebut, saat ini baru ada empat smelter bauksit di Indonesia dengan total kapasitas serapan 13,9 juta ton.

Empat smelter tersebut dikelola PT Indonesia Chemical Alumina, PT Bintan Alumina Indonesia, PT Well Harvest Winning Alumina Refinery Line-1, dan PT Well Harvest Winning Alumina Refinery Line-2.

Selain itu, ada tujuh smelter yang masih dalam tahap pembangunan. Namun, smelter baru ini belum bisa dipastikan kapan rampungnya.

"Walau hasil verifikasi melaporkan kemajuan pembangunan (smelter bauksit) antara 30% sampai 66%, namun berdasarkan peninjauan di lapangan terdapat perbedaan yang sangat signifikan, masih berupa tanah lapang," kata Arifin, disiarkan Katadata.co.id (24/5/2023).

(Baca: RI Larang Ekspor Bauksit Mulai Juni 2023, Ini Nilai Ekspornya Sedekade Terakhir)

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