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Makassar, Kota dengan Ketahanan Pangan Tertinggi di Sulawesi Selatan | Databoks
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Makassar, Kota dengan Ketahanan Pangan Tertinggi di Sulawesi Selatan

Indeks Ketahanan Pangan 3 Kota di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan (2021)

Sumber : Badan Pangan Nasional, Februari 2023

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Penulis: Adi Ahdiat

Editor: Adi Ahdiat

5/6/2023, 18.10 WIB

Dari 3 kota yang berada di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar memiliki ketahanan pangan tertinggi.

Hal ini terlihat dari laporan Badan Pangan Nasional (Bapanas) yang bertajuk Peta Ketahanan dan Kerentanan Pangan Tahun 2022 (Data Indikator Tahun 2021).

Mengacu pada UU No. 18 Tahun 2012, ketahanan pangan adalah kondisi terpenuhinya pangan bagi negara sampai dengan perseorangan, yang tercermin dari tersedianya pangan yang cukup, baik jumlah maupun mutunya, aman, beragam, bergizi, merata, dan terjangkau, serta tidak bertentangan dengan agama, keyakinan, dan budaya masyarakat, untuk dapat hidup sehat, aktif, dan produktif secara berkelanjutan.

Bapanas mengukur indeks ketahanan pangan di kota-kota Indonesia berdasarkan delapan indikator utama, yakni:

  1. Persentase penduduk yang hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan;
  2. Persentase rumah tangga dengan proporsi pengeluaran untuk pangan >65% terhadap total pengeluaran;
  3. Persentase rumah tangga tanpa akses listrik;
  4. Persentase rumah tangga tanpa akses ke air bersih;
  5. Angka harapan hidup pada saat lahir;
  6. Rasio jumlah penduduk per tenaga kesehatan terhadap tingkat kepadatan penduduk;
  7. Rata-rata lama sekolah perempuan di atas 15 tahun; dan
  8. Persentase balita dengan tinggi badan di bawah standar (stunting).

Berbagai indikator itu kemudian diolah menjadi skor berskala 0-100. Semakin tinggi skornya, ketahanan pangan suatu kota diasumsikan semakin baik pula.

Dengan metode tersebut, Makassar meraih skor 83,86 pada 2021, terbaik dibanding kota-kota tetangganya.

(Baca: Salatiga, Kota dengan Ketahanan Pangan Tertinggi di Jawa Tengah)

Ketahanan pangan Kota Makassar ditunjang oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya distribusi air bersih yang tergolong sangat baik.

Pada 2021, persentase rumah tangga Makassar yang tak punya akses air bersih hanya 1,26%. Sementara di Kota Palopo persentasenya 5,02%, dan Kota Parepare 7,76%.

Kemudian angka harapan hidup penduduk Makassar tercatat paling tinggi, yakni mencapai 72,13 tahun, sedangkan penduduk Kota Parepare 71,31 tahun, dan Kota Palopo 70,92 tahun.

Makassar juga memiliki prevalensi stunting yang relatif rendah dibanding kota-kota lain di Sulawesi Selatan.

Pada 2021, persentase balita Makassar yang mengalami stunting atau gangguan pertumbuhan badan mencapai 18,8%. Sementara prevalensi stunting di Kota Parepare 24,8%, dan Kota Palopo 28,5%.

(Baca: 10 Kota dengan Ketahanan Pangan Terendah, Mayoritas di Sumatra)

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