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Indonesia Lebih Banyak Terpengaruh Tiongkok di Sektor Ekonomi | Databoks
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Indonesia Lebih Banyak Terpengaruh Tiongkok di Sektor Ekonomi

Skor Pengaruh Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat Terhadap Indonesia Berdasarkan Sektor (2022)

Sumber : Lowy Institute, 20 April 2023

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

29/5/2023, 22.14 WIB

Hasil studi Lowy Institute menunjukkan, pengaruh Tiongkok begitu besar terhadap beberapa sektor di Indonesia. Nilainya melebihi pengaruh Amerika Serikat (AS).

Dari empat sektor yang dinilai, Tiongkok begitu mendominasi di sektor ekonomi. Lowy Institute memberinya 80 poin dari 100 poin. AS hanya bisa memberi pengaruh 20 poin saja di sektor ini.

Selain ekonomi, pengaruh Negeri Tirai Bambu itu juga besar di sektor diplomatik, sebesar 53 poin. Pengaruh AS di sektor ini hanya dinilai sebesar 47 poin.

Secara pengaruh budaya, Tiongkok pun menang 53 poin atas AS. Lowy Institute menilai, pengaruh AS secara budaya ke Indonesia hanya 47 poin.

Namun, AS cukup mendominasi di bidang pertahanan. Pengaruhnya terhadap Indonesia sebesar 55 poin. Sedangkan Tiongkok hanya dinilai 45 poin.

Tim riset menyebut, Tiongkok membuat langkah besar dalam hubungan ekonomi dan jaringan pertahanannya di Indonesia dalam lima tahun terakhir.

Sementara pengaruh diplomasi AS di Indonesia mendapat skor lebih tinggi daripada di negara lain di Asia Tenggara, meski masih lebih rendah dari Tiongkok.

"Hal ini mungkin mencerminkan upaya diplomasi yang lebih besar oleh Amerika Serikat di Indonesia selama lima tahun terakhir—sebuah cerminan dari kepentingan regional negara tersebut," tulis tim riset dalam laporannya.

Penilaian pengaruh sektor ini masuk dalam riset Asia Power Snapshot: China and The United States in Southeast Asia 2023.

Laporan ini turut menghimpun skor-skor yang dirilis pada 2018 lalu. Selain itu, Lowy Institute menggunakan metode baru untuk menghasilkan analisis mendalam tentang pengaruh relatif kedua negara adidaya tersebut di Asia Tenggara.

Metodologi riset ini mengukur pengaruh di empat kategori, di antaranya hubungan ekonomi, jaringan sektor pertahanan, pengaruh diplomatik, dan pengaruh budaya. Sedikitnya ada 42 indikator yang digunakan untuk memberi penilaian.

Lowy Institute memberi contoh perhitungan skor sebagai berikut:

  • Pengaruh Tiongkok
    Investasi Tiongkok di Asia Tenggara ÷ (Investasi Tiongkok di Asia Tenggara + investasi AS di Asia Tenggara).

Dengan ini, hasil perhitungannya akan menjadi komponen nilai.

(Baca juga: Lowy Institute 2022, Indonesia Lebih Banyak Terpapar Pengaruh Tiongkok daripada Amerika Serikat)

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