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Lowy Institute 2022: Indonesia Lebih Banyak Terpapar Pengaruh Tiongkok daripada Amerika Serikat | Databoks Home Lowy Institute 2022: Indonesia Lebih Banyak Terpapar Pengaruh Tiongkok daripada Amerika Serikat Lowy Institute 2022: Indonesia Lebih Banyak Terpapar Pengaruh Tiongkok daripada Amerika Serikat Skor Pengaruh Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat Terhadap Negara Asia Tenggara (2022)* Sumber : Lowy Institute, 20 April 2023
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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika
Editor: Erlina F. Santika
26/5/2023, 08.00 WIB
Lowy Institute memberi penilaian atas pengaruh dua negara besar, Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat (AS) , terhadap negara-negara di Asia Tenggara .
Skala penilaian 0-100. Semakin tinggi skornya, semakin kuat pengaruh negara adidaya itu. Begitu pula bila skornya rendah, pengaruhnya dinilai kurang kuat.
Dari 10 negara yang diteliti, Laos menjadi negara dengan skor paling tinggi mendapat pengaruh dari Tiongkok, yakni 71 poin. Pengaruh AS hanya dinilai 29 poin saja.
Selanjutnya Kamboja, yang juga dinilai mendapat pengaruh Tiongkok cukup tinggi, yakni 69 poin. Pengaruh AS cuma sebesar 31 poin.
Myanmar, juga mendapat skor pengaruh Tiongkok yang cukup besar, yakni 66 poin. Lowy Institute menilai AS hanya bisa memberi pengaruh Myanmar sebesar 34 poin.
Brunei Darussalam dan Malaysia mengantongi skor yang sama. Keduanya mendapat skor 63 poin atas pengaruh Tiongkok dan 37 poin atas pengaruh AS.
Indonesia masuk jajaran pengaruh Tiongkok yang cukup besar. Nilainya sebesar 60 poin untuk Tiongkok. Sementara pengaruh dari AS hanya sebesar 40 poin.
(Baca juga: Indonesia Pegang Skor Pengaruh Diplomasi Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara 2023 )
Pengaruh AS dinilai hanya mendominasi di dua negara kawasan Asia Tenggara. Skornya pun tak sebegitu kuat seperti skor pengaruh Tiongkok.
Filipina, mendapat skor pengaruh AS sebesar 52 poin dan Tiongkok sebesar 48 poin. Sedangkan satu lagi, Singapura, mendapat skor pengaruh AS sebesar 51 poin dan Tiongkok sebesar 49 poin.
Secara rata-rata, skor Asia Tenggara sebesar 54 poin untuk Tiongkok dan 46 poin untuk AS.
Dalam lima tahun terakhir, kata tim riset Lowy Institute, Tiongkok telah meningkatkan margin pengaruhnya dibandingkan dengan Amerika Serikat di teritori Asia Tenggara.
"Pada tahun 2018, Tiongkok memimpin Amerika Serikat 52–48 poin untuk pengaruh di wilayah tersebut. Pada tahun 2022, keunggulan ini meningkat menjadi 54–46," tulis tim riset.
Laporan ini memang turut menghimpun skor-skor yang dirilis pada 2018 lalu. Selain itu, Lowy Institute menggunakan metode baru untuk menghasilkan analisis mendalam tentang pengaruh relatif kedua negara besar tersebut di Asia Tenggara.
Metodologi riset yang bertajuk Asia Power Index ini mengukur pengaruh di empat kategori, di antaranya hubungan ekonomi, jaringan sektor pertahanan, pengaruh diplomatik, dan pengaruh budaya. Sedikitnya ada 42 indikator yang digunakan untuk memberi penilaian.
(Baca juga: Daftar 10 Negara Paling Terekspos Pengaruh Tiongkok 2022, Indonesia Urutan Berapa? )