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Tak Dapat Perlindungan Hukum hingga Marak Pembunuhan, Ini 10 Negara yang Paling Buruk untuk Pekerja | Databoks
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Tak Dapat Perlindungan Hukum hingga Marak Pembunuhan, Ini 10 Negara yang Paling Buruk untuk Pekerja

10 Negara dengan Skor Terhadap Kondisi dan Hak Pekerja Terburuk (2022)

Sumber : International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC), 28 Juni 2022

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Penulis: Erlina F. Santika

Editor: Erlina F. Santika

2/5/2023, 17.30 WIB

International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) menilai 148 negara di dunia yang mengedepankan hak-hak para pekerjanya dalam laporan Global Right Index 2022.

Dari data tersebut, ternyata sangat banyak negara-negara yang tak memudahkan dan memberikan hak kepada para pekerja serta serikat buruh.

Negara-negara yang diteliti diberi skor dengan skala 1-5. Semakin tinggi skornya, semakin tidak bagus kondisi kerja atau tingginya pembatasan terhadap para buruh.

Sementara semakin rendah skornya, negara tersebut cukup terbuka terhadap hak-hak para buruh meski masih ditemukan pelanggaran hak secara sporadis atau tak menentu.

Adapun indikator penilaian yang dipakai ITUC di antaranya kebebasan sipil, hak untuk berserikat bagi pekerja atau buruh, kegiatan serikat pekerja, hak untuk berunding, hingga hak untuk aksi bagi pekerja.

Secara regional, ITUC membaginya ke dalam lima wilayah besar. Pertama, Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara (Middle East and North Africa/MENA) dengan rata-rata skor 4,53 poin.

Kedua, Asia Pasifik dengan rerata skor 4,22 poin. Ketiga, Afrika dengan rerata skor 3,76 poin.

(Baca juga: Pekerja yang Gabung Serikat Buruh di Indonesia Mengalami Penurunan pada 2022)

Keempat dan kelima ada Amerika dan Eropa dengan rerata skor masing-masing 3,52 poin dan 2,49 poin.

Sedikitnya ada 10 negara yang dianggap paling buruk untuk bekerja. 10 negara ini juga mendapatkan skor terburuk, yakni 5 poin. Myanmar, bahkan ditandai dengan plus (+), penjelasannya terlampir di bawah.

Berikut 10 negara yang dianggap paling buruk untuk pekerja:

  1. Bangladesh (5 poin)
    - Hukum yang mundur, regresif
    - Hambatan pembentukan serikat pekerja
    - Represi terhadap aksi atau pemogokan buruh
  2. Belarus (5 poin)
    - Hukum pidana yang represif
    - Penangkapan massal terhadap pemimpin-pemimpin serikat buruh
    - Pembubaran serikat buruh secara paksa
  3. Brasil (5 poin)
    - Banyak langkah diskriminatif anti-serikat
    - Pelanggaran kesepakatan bersama
  4. Kolombia (5 poin)
    - Pembunuhan terhadap buruh dan impunitas pelaku
    - Penghancuran serikat pekerja dan pemecatan
  5. Mesir (5 poin)
    - Hukum represif
    - Penuntutan terhadap buruh yang aksi atau pemogok
    - Penghancuran serikat pekerja dan pemecatan
  6. Eswatini (5 poin)
    - Pelanggaran berat terhadap kebebasan berkumpul
    - Kekerasan oleh polisi
  7. Guatemala (5 poin)
    - Kekerasan terhadap anggota serikat buruh
    - Merebaknya ketakutan dan impunitas terhadap pelaku
    - Pemecatan atas dasar anti-serikat
  8. Myanmar (5+ poin)
    - Penindasan brutal terhadap aksi pemogokan dan protes
    - Penangkapan sewenang-wenang
    - Pembunuhan terhadap buruh
  9. Filipina (5 poin)
    - Kekerasan dan pembunuhan
    - Penangkapan saat pemogokan
    - Penindasan oleh negara
  10. Turki (5 poin)
    - Represi pemogokan buruh
    - Penangkapan terhadap anggota serikat pekerja
    - Penghancuran serikat secara sistematis

Keterangan skor:

  • 5+ poin: tidak ada jaminan hak karena pelanggaran aturan hukum
  • 5 poin: tidak ada jaminan hak
  • 4 poin: pelanggaran hak secara sistematis
  • 3 poin: pelanggaran hak secara teratur
  • 2 poin: pelanggaran hak berulang kali
  • 1 poin: pelanggaran hak secara sporadis

(Baca juga: Masih Ada 14,8 Juta Pekerja Indonesia yang Digaji Tidak Layak pada 2022)

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